Kidney Flashcards
What three endocrine products are made by the kidney?
- Renin (Increase blood NaCl, regulate BP and volume)
- Erythropoietin (increase RBC)
- Vitamin D2 and D3 (CA+ regulation)
If corpuscles and tubes are present, in which region of the kidney are you looking?
Cortex (medulla only has tubes)
Which artery is considered an “end” artery in the kidney?
Segmental artery
Where is approximately 65% of the initial filtrate reabsorbed?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Where the afferent and efferent arterioles enter and leave the glomerulus is called what?
Vascular pole
What opening of the glomerulus leads to the Proximal convoluted tubule?
Urinary pole (tubular pole)
What do glomerular mesangial cells do?
- support capillaries
- turn over basal lamina
- contractile control of capillary diameter
- signaling
*function may be altered in disease like diabetes
What are the three layers of the kidney filtration?
1-fenestrated endothelium of capillary
2- thick, 3-part basal lamina
3-Filtration slits between podocyte pedicles
How can you recognize a Proximal convoluted tubule on a slide?
- simple cuboidal/columnar epithelium
- Basal folds
- lumens often occluded
What are two key responsibilities of PCT cells?
1-Reabsoprtion (AA, glucose, small proteins, water etc.)
2-Secretion (organic acids, salts, creatine, drugs etc.)
What cells release EPO (Erythropoietin)?
Fibroblastic interstitials cells of the cortex
Where are medullary rays?
in the cortex (contain proximal straight and distal tubules)
What are the functions of the distal convoluted tubule?
- reabsorb Ca and NaCl
- Target of thiazide diuretics (only late distal tubule is the target of ADH)
What area is the final water absorption region and is rich in aquaporins?
collecting ducts
What does Aldosterone do?
Stimulate Na recovery in the CTs and CDs by opening apical sodium channels which increase Na K ATPase to pump it into capillaries
