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Histology > Lymphoid > Flashcards

Lymphoid Flashcards

1
Q

How do lymphoid stem cells turn in to Activated T and B cells?

A
  • Pre-T/B cells formed in Thymus/bone marrow
  • Naive B/T cell circulates
  • Activated when it encounters an antigen
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2
Q

What is characteristic of the Thymus?

A

Septae and a clear medulla and cortex

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3
Q

What are the two cells types of the Thymic cortex?

A
  • Thymocytes (T lymphoblasts)

- Thymic epithelial reticular cells (Antigen presenting cells, large euchromatic nuclei)

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4
Q

What are the three types of Thymic epithelial cells?

A

1-Squamous TECs forming a layer connected by desmosomes (blood thymus barrier)
2-Stellate TECs, cytokine secreting Antigen presenting cells
3-Squamous TECs expressing MHC II and form corticomedullary barrier

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5
Q

What three types of TECs are in the Medulla?

A

1-Second layer of squamous TEC forming corticomedullary barrier
2-cytoreticulum to support T cells (expression of proteins from other organs)
3-Aggregates forming Hassall corpuscles

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6
Q

The entry and exit point where diapedesis takes place in the thymus is called what?

A

High endothelial venule (make of cuboidal epithelium)

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7
Q

Positive selection happens where and selects for what?

A

happens in cortex, selects for things that recognize self

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8
Q

Negative selection happens where and selects for what?

A

happens in the medulla, selects against things that strongly recognize self

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9
Q

Areas staffed by T cells are called what?

A

Thymus -dependent

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10
Q

Lymph nodes resemble what other organ as far as their general structure?

A

Kidney

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11
Q

What are the three regions of lymph nodes?

A

Cortex
Paracortex
Medulla

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12
Q

What space is found between the cortex and the capsule?

A

subcapsular sinus (receives lymph from afferent lymphatics)

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13
Q

What cell is most present in the paracortex?

A

T cells

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14
Q

What are the two main structures found in the medulla or lymph nodes?

A
  • medullary cords (cord-like masses of lymphocytes extending from paracortex, plasma cells)
  • Medullary sinuses (discontinuous endothelium separating cords, contain macrophages and PMNs)
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15
Q

Reactions in the node activate the __________ handshake. Activated T cells activate the _________ handshake causing plasma cells to secrete antibodies.

A

1st, 2nd

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16
Q

Where does isotype switching take place?

A

germinal centers in secondary nodules

17
Q

Which antibodies are first to be produced?

A

IgM

18
Q

Which antibodies are associated with secretions?

A

IgA

19
Q

Which antibodies are most abundant and are important for long term resistance as well as crossing the placenta?

A

IgG

20
Q

Which antibodies are associate with mast cells and basophils. Contribute to allergic response and parasite killing?

A

IgE

21
Q

What do Tc cells do?

A

Scan all cells in the body through circulating

22
Q

What attracts lymphocytes to specific nodes?

A

homing receptors and cytokines

23
Q

Dry nodes produce?

A

IgG

24
Q

Wet nodes produce?

A

IgA

25
Q

Pain associated with a swollen node is caused by what?

A

Cytokines

*no pain associated with swelling may be signs of lymphoma

26
Q

What are the two main things the Spleen does?

A
  • filter blood

- turnover old blood cells

27
Q

What are the two regions of the spleen?

A 
Red pulp (blood turnover)
white pulp (aggregations of lymphocytes)

*marginal zone found between these two

28
Q

What surrounds central arteries in the spleen?

A

T cell sheath called PALS (periarterial lymphatic sheath)

29
Q

Removing an entire old blood cells is called?

A

culling

-macrophages engulf them

30
Q

Removing an inclusion of an RBC is called?

A

Pitting

-Macrophage just engulfs the nuclear fragment or parasite

31
Q

A B cell response in the spleen causes the central artery to be?

A

Eccentric

*T cell expansion tends to be more uniform

32
Q

Large collections of lymphocytes containing mostly B cells with some helper T cells (CD4) such as in tonsils, peyers patches and the appendix are called what?

A

MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue)

33
Q

What is characteristic of the palatine tonsil?

A

Crypts and SSQE

Histology (13 decks)

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