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Histology > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 Endocrine glands?

A 
1-Pituitary
2-Adrenal gland
3-Thyroid gland
4-Parathyroid gland
5-Pineal
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2
Q

What are the 4 endocrine cells?

A

1-Pancreas
2-Ovary
3-Placenta
4-Testes

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3
Q

What are some unique features of endocrine glands in comparison to other glands?

A
  • Ductless
  • Primarily Parenchyma
  • abundant blood suplly
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4
Q

What does the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) arise from?

A

Rathke’s pouch

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5
Q

What does the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) arise from?

A

neurophypophyseal pouch of neuroectoderm

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6
Q

What is the pars distalis?

A

anterior pituitary

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7
Q

what is the pars nervosa?

A

posterior pituitary

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8
Q

How does the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system interact with the Pars Distills (AP)?

A

-Hypothalmus produces hormones that travel through the portal system to the Anterior Pituitary to stimulate hormone production there (Primary and secondary capillaries)

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9
Q

How does the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system interact with the Pars nervosa (PP)?

A

-Hormones produced by the hypothalamus travel down axons to the posterior pituitary where they are stored and later released

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10
Q

What are the 6 hormones secreted from the Anterior pituitary?

A 
1-hGH (human growth hormone)
2-ACTH (adrenocorticotropin)
3-TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
4-LH (leutinizing hormone)
5-FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone)
6-PRL (Prolactin)
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11
Q

What are the three cells common seen in the pars distalis in an H and E stain?

A

1-Basophils (ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH)
2-Acidophils (PRL, hGH)
3-Chromophobes

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12
Q

What two hormones are stored and released by the pars nervosa?

A

1-ADH

2-Oxytocin

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13
Q

Nuclei observed in the neurohypophysis belong to what cells?

A

glia (only axons of neurons are present, Neurosecretory swellings may be present on axons)

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14
Q

What are the two regions of the adrenal gland and what are they derived from?

A

1-Cortex (mesoderm)

2-Medulla (neural crest)

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15
Q

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

Catecholamines (epinephrine/norepinephrine)

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16
Q

What are the three zones of the adrenal cortex and what does each secrete?

A

1-glomerulosa (Mineralcorticoids/aldosterone)
2-Fasciculata (Glucocorticoids/Cortisol)
3-reticularis (sex hormones)

17
Q

What adrenal cortex hormone is vital for life?

A

mineralcorticoids/aldosterone

18
Q

What is the mechanism for aldosterone secretion?

A
  • ACTH stimulates it

- regulated by angiotensin II and K+

19
Q

What are two adrenal cortex disorders?

A

1-Cushings syndrome (excess cortisol, weight gain, hyperglycemia)
2-Addison’s disease (low gulco/mineralcorticoids, low BP, fatigues, diarrhea, weight loss)

20
Q

What disorder is associated with the adrenal medulla?

A

Pheochromocytoma (neuroendocrine tumor secreting excess catacholamines, eleveated BP, Heart rate, weight loss)

21
Q

What is synthesized by the thyroid?

A
  • Throxine (T4)

- Tri-iodothyronine (T3)

22
Q

What fills the central lumen of thyroid follicles?

A

gelatinous, acidophilic, colloid (which contains glycoprotein thyroglobulin)

23
Q

What shape are thyrocytes/follicular cells when hypoactive?

A

squamous (they are cuboidal when active)

24
Q

What do parafollicular cells (c-cells) secrete?

A

calcitonin

25
Q

What is secreted into the colloid/lumen by follicular cells?

A

-Thyroglobulin and iodide for storage (it is phagocytes later, cleaved into T3 and T4 for secretion)

26
Q

What hormone levels can be tested for hypothyroidism?

A
  • T3 and T4 would be low

- TSH would be high

27
Q

What are the primary cells endocrine cells of the parathyroid gland?

A

-Principal (chief) cells. They produce Parathyroid hormone

28
Q

What do the pinealocytes of the pineal gland produce?

A

melatonin (important for light/dark cycles)

Histology (13 decks)

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