Muscle And Nervous

Question 1

Which muscle types are striated?

Answer 1

Skeletal
Cardiac
*smooth is not striated

Question 2

Characteristics of skeletal contraction

Answer 2

Strong, quick, discontinuous and voluntary

Question 3

Characteristics of cardiac contraction

Answer 3

Strong, quick, continuous and involuntary

Question 4

Characteristics of smooth muscle contraction

Answer 4

Weak slow and involuntary

Question 5

What is mesenchyme

Answer 5

Undifferentiated migratory cells in gelatinous matrix capable of forming CT like bone, cartilage, lymphatics, vascular and muscle

Question 6

What do satellite cells do?

Answer 6

Repair

Question 7

3 types of connective tissue sheets in muscle

Answer 7

Epimysium-outermost, around muscle
Perimysium-around bundles of muscle fibers
Endomysium-around individual fibers

Question 8

Order of muscle fibers

Answer 8

Myofibril->myofiber->fascicle->muscle

Question 9

What are Z-lines (z-discs) made up of?

Answer 9

A-actinin

Question 10

What controls contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle

Answer 10

Troponin C by binding ca++

Question 11

Skeletal muscle as ______, ________ nuclei

Answer 11

Multiple, peripheral

Question 12

Where do satellite cells reside?

Answer 12

Under basal lamina

Question 13

What is the distrophin linked disease?

Answer 13

Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Linkages between proteins are easily torn and not repaired fast enough

Question 14

Myofibers in cardiac muscle is

Answer 14

Short branched and not parallel. May have multiple nuclei but it is central

Question 15

How are intercalated discs in cardiac muscle connected?

Answer 15

Desmosomes, fascia adherens and gap junctions

Question 16

Smooth muscle nuclei are

Answer 16

Single, central and cork-screw shaped

Question 17

How is smooth muscle contraction different?

Answer 17

No z-lines- has dense bodies that contain a-actinin

Sliding based on thick filaments(calmodulin instead of troponin)

Question 18

Divisions of nervous system

Answer 18

Central nervous system (CNS)
-brainstem, cerebrum, cerebellum
Peripheral nervous system
-motor& sensory axons, sensory ganglia and autonomic nervous system

Question 19

Divisions of subdivided ANS

Answer 19

Sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric

Question 20

Steps of synapses

Answer 20

1-action potential reaches terminal
2-calcium channel opens
3-Ca causes vesicle to release neurotransmitter
4-neurotransmitter crosses synapse
5-neurotransmitter binds neuroceptor
6-signal triggered in post synaptic neuron

Question 21

Main types of glial cells

Answer 21

CNS- astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia

PNS- Schwann cells

Question 22

Astrocytes function

Answer 22

Star shaped, transfer and take up molecules to capillaries, have GFAP

Question 23

What are microglia?

Answer 23

Macrophages that reside in nervous tissue and observe environment

Question 24

What do oligodendrocytes do?

Answer 24

Myelinate CNS axons

Question 25

What do Schwann cells do?

Answer 25

Function like astrocytes, phagocytosis, and myelinate in the PNS

Question 26

What connective tissues surround nerves at each level?

Answer 26

Endoneurium around each axon Perineurium around each fascicle Epineurium around entire nerve

Question 27

What are ependymal cells

Answer 27

Csf secreting glial cells

Question 28

What does the choroid plexus produce?

Answer 28

CSF

Question 29

What junction forms the blood brain barrier?

Answer 29

Tight junctions

Question 30

3 types of muscle

Answer 30

Skeletal Cardiac Smooth

Question 31

Autonomic innervation of cardiac muscle

Answer 31

Parasympathetic slows heart (ach) | Sympathetic increases rate (norepinephrine)

Question 32

Groups of neurons in the PNS

Answer 32

Ganglia

Question 33

Groups of neurons in the CNS

Answer 33

Nuclei

Question 34

Bundles of axons in the PNS

Answer 34

Nerves

Question 35

Bundles of axons in the CNS

Answer 35

Tract

Question 36

Layers of neurons in the CNS

Answer 36

Cortex