Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Blood/Hematopoesis > Flashcards

Blood/Hematopoesis Flashcards

1
Q

What does it mean to be a discontinuous tissue?

A

Cells are born in one place and function somewhere else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three main components of blood?

A

1- plasma
2- Buffy coat (platelets and leukocytes)
3- erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In a wright stain, what color is eosinophilic/acidophilic?

A

Red to orange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In a wright stain, what color is basophilic?

A

Dark purple or black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In a wright stain, what color is neutrophilic?

A

Pink tan or clear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In a wright stain, what color is polychromatopholic?

A

Blue or gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three main blood cell types?

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 5 subtypes of white blood cells?

3 are granulocytes

A 
1-Polymorphonuclear neutrophils/ PMN(granulocyte)
2-eosinophils (granulocyte)
3-basophils (granulocyte)
4-monocytes
5-lymphocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How long do normal red cells live?

A

100-120 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are three hallmark characteristics of RBCs?

A

Central pallor (clearish center area)
No nuclei
Biconcave disc shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 4 main proteins responsible for RBC structure and identity?

A

1-spectrin
2-ankyrin
3-band 3
4-glycophorin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does spectrin do?

A

Binds to actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does ankyrin do?

A

Anchors to band 3 and spectrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does band 3 do?

A

It is a transmembrane anion transporter. Exchanges HCO3 and Cl out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do glycophorins do?

A

Transmembrane protein with hydrophilic charged coat to prevent sticking to other cells (also the antigenic site for blood type)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is phosphatidylserine located in the cell bilayer?

A

On the inner bilayer if cell is healthy. Appears on the outside as a signal that cell is sick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What form is the majority of CO2 found as in the blood?

A

HCO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sickle cell anemia and thalassemia result from what?

A

Mutations in genes coding for Hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hereditary spherocytosis results from what?

A

Mutations in cytoskeletal genes (ankyrin and spectrin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

Increased RBC/ml. (Can produce thick blood. Often because of high altitude or bone marrow disorders like tumors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How can you recognize polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)?

A 
Multi lobular (often 2-5 lobes)
Granules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is diapedesis?

A

Activated PMNs leaving capillaries or venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is chemotaxis?

A

Chemical gradient created by molecules released at the infected site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do PMNs eliminate microbes?

A

Fusion with PMN granules containing peroxidases, reactive oxygen, lysozymes or defensins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

After leaving the bone marrow, how long do PMNs live?

A

Hours in the blood

A few days if they enter tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How can you recognize eosinophils?

A

They have a couple dark lobes and pink granules

27
Q

What two things are eosinophils associated with?

A

Parasites and allergies

28
Q

How can you recognize basophils?

A

They are somewhat amorphic. They look like a blob of dark granules.

They function similarly to mast cells

29
Q

How can you recognize monocytes?

A

Large indented nucleus (C-shaped sometimes)

30
Q

Monocytes are precursors for what 4 types of cells?

A

Macrophages
Osteoclasts
Microglia
Kupffer cells (in liver)

31
Q

How can you recognize small lymphocytes?

A

Roughly the size of RBCs with spherical nuclei.

They are the T and B cells

32
Q

How can you recognize large lymphocytes?

A

They are about twice the size of RBC.

Known as natural killer cells

33
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Hemostasis and Aid in clotting.

They have organelles but lack nucleus

34
Q

Which cytokines is used clinically to increase levels of HSCs in bone marrow before transplant?

A

GM-CSF

Resulting CFU-GMs give rise to neutrophils and monocytes

35
Q

What does HSC stand for?

A

Hematopoietic stem cell

36
Q

What does H-PSC stand for?

A

Hematopoietic pluripotential stem cell

37
Q

What does CFU-S stand for?

A

Colony forming unit- spleen

38
Q

What does GEMM stand for?

A

Myeloid progenitor that gives rise to granulocytes, erythrocytes, monocytes and megakaryocytes

39
Q

What doe lymphoid stem cells give rise to?

A

B and T lymphocytes

40
Q

What does BFU-E stand for?

A

Burst forming unit-erythrocyte

41
Q

What does CFU-E stand for?

A

Colony forming unit-erythrocyte

42
Q

What does CSF stand for in the blood?

A

Colony stimulating factor (cytokines)

43
Q

What are cytokines?

A

Protein hormones involved in immune system and Hematopoesis

44
Q

What is the order of the erythrocyte development series?

A 
CFU-E
proerythroblast
basophilic erythroblast
Polychromatophilic erythroblast
Orthochromatophilic erythroblast 
Reticulocyte
RBC
45
Q

How long does it take for the proerythroblast to differentiate and be released into the blood?

A

7-10 days

46
Q

What cytokine is key in erythrocyte development?

A

EPO: erythropoietin

47
Q

How can you recognize proerythroblasts?

A

Lacy chromatin
Nucleoli
Basophilic cytoplasm

48
Q

How can you recognize basophilic erythroblasts?

A

Condensed nucleus
no visible nucleoli
Most basophilic cytoplasm

49
Q

How can you recognize polychromatophilic erythroblasts?

A

Reduced cell volume, regions of basophilia and eosinophilia

50
Q

How can you recognize orthochromatophilic erythroblasts?

A

Condensed nuclear and cell volume
No basophilia
Eccentric nucleus (off to one side)
Nucleus is ejected late stage

51
Q

How can you recognize reticulocytes?

A

Ejected nucleus
Uniformly acidophilic
Quickly mature in circulation

52
Q

What are the stages of granulocyte developmental series?

A 
CFU-GM
Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Myelocyte (B,E,N)
Meta-myelocyte
Band form
Mature form
53
Q

How long does it take a myeloblast last to differentiate and release into the blood?

A

7-11 days

54
Q

How can you recognize myeloblast?

A

Finely dispersed chromatin

Faint nucleoli

55
Q

How can you recognize promyelocytes?

A

Basophilic cytoplasm

Granules

56
Q

How can you recognize a myelocyte?

A

Increasing granules

Smaller nucleus

57
Q

How can you recognize a metamyelocyte?

A

Increasing granules

Kidney bean or dented nucleus

58
Q

How can you recognize the band form?

A

Very dented nucleus without being separate lobes

59
Q

How can you recognize the mature form/neutrophil?

A

Multiple lobes

60
Q

How can you recognize a megakaryocyte?

A

Amorphis with giant nucleus

Processes give rise to platelets

61
Q

During an infection you may see more of which granulocyte form in the blood?

A

Band form

62
Q

B12 deficiency has what affect on RBC precursors?

A

Larger cells, larger nuclei

63
Q

Active marrow is what color?

A

Red

Yellow is inactive and fatty

Histology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions