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Histology > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two regions of the ovary?

A

1-Cortex (contains follicles)

2-Medulla (vascularized with conduits for estrogens and progesterone)

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2
Q

The dense connective tissue capsule of the ovary or testes is called?

A

tunica albugenia

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3
Q

The squamous or cuboidal epithelial covering of the ovary is called what?

A

germinal epithelium

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4
Q

What do granulosa cells secrete?

A

estrogen

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5
Q

What two hormones cause follicles to mature?

A
  • estrogen

- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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6
Q

What hormone triggers ovulation?

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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7
Q

What are the three primary follicle stages?

A

1-primordial follicle (surrounded by simple squamous epithelium)
2-Unilaminary primary follicle (surrounded by simple cuboidal, FSH stimulates beginning in puberty)
3-Multilaminar primary follicle (stratified cuboidal epithelium)

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8
Q

A glycoprotein coat involved in the acrosome reaction forms between the oocyte and the first germ layer of granulosa cells, what is it called?

A

Zona pellucida

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9
Q

Interstitial cells at the multi laminar primary follicle stage differentiate into what?

A

theca folliculi

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10
Q

Liquor folliculi accumaltes to form a fluid filled chamber called what?

A

antrum (convert androgens to estradiol via aromatase)

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11
Q

The theca folliculi layer of the secondary (antral) follicle has what two layers?

A
  • theca interna (secretes androgens)

- theca externa (CT and smooth muscle)

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12
Q

An oocyte surround by several layers of granulosa cells is called what?

A

Corona radiata

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13
Q

The stalk susoending the oocyte into the antrum is called what?

A

cumulus oophorus

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14
Q

What response does a surge of LH cause?

A
  • Oocyte maturation and completion of metaphase II
  • Granulosa production of prostaglandins (SM contraction) and hyaluronan (wall weakening)
  • release of ovum with corona radiata)
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15
Q

What does the follicle become after ovulation?

A

corpus luteum (blood fills ruptured follicle=corpus hemorrhagicum)

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16
Q

What do granulosa lutein cells and theca lutein cells secrete?

A
  • Granulosa:Progesterone and estrogen

- Theca: Androgens and progesterone

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17
Q

Decreased progesterone leads to what?

A

menstruation

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18
Q

thedense CT scar left from an old corpus luteum is called what?

A

corpus albicans

19
Q

cells that final to mature die via what?

A

atresia

20
Q

what sweeps the ovum into the oviduct?

A

fimbriae

21
Q

What 3 layers make up the oviduct?

A

-Folded mucosa, muscularis and serosa

22
Q

What two types of cells are found in the oviduct?

A
  • ciliated cells (columnar)

- Peg cells (secrete sperm activation factors and provide nutrition and protection for ovum or zygote)

23
Q

what are the 4 regions of the oviduct?

A

1-infundibulum
2-ampulla (fertilization usually happens here)
3-isthmus
4-intramural

24
Q

The 3-4 layer smooth muscle, muscularis (myometrium) region of the uterus receives nutrition via what arteries?

A

arcuate arteries

25
Q

What are the two compartments of the uterus mucosa (endometrium)?

A

1-Functionalis (shed during menstruation)

2-Basalis (closes to myometrium, contains bases of glands)

26
Q

Straight arteries supply _______. Progesterone sensitive coiled arteries supply _________. The constriction of those spiral arteries leads to _________.

A

Basalis, Functionalis, Shedding

27
Q

What are the three stages of the menstrual cycle?

A

1-menstrual (resting) phase: Days 1-4 (functionalis shed)
2-Proliferative (follicular) phase: Days 5-14 (functionalis is reconstituted, OVULATION)
3-Secretory (luteal) phase: Days 15-28 (glands secrete, max functionalism thickness)

28
Q

What is different about the cervix region?

A
  • cylindrical
  • wall is dense CT with some smooth muscle fibers
  • squamo-columnar junction
29
Q

What causes the scam-columnar junction location to change with age?

A

exposure to vaginal environment (like a reverse barretts esophagus)

30
Q

An overgrowth of stratified squamous epithelium blocks gland openings and leads to what?

A

nabothian cyst

31
Q

What stimulates the vaginal epithelial cells to synthesize glycogen?

A

estrogen

32
Q

What are the two major products of the testes?

A

Spermatoza

Testosterone

33
Q

What are the three major structural components of the testes?

A

1-tunica albuginea (dense fibrous CT)
2-Mediastinum testis (septa divides into lobules)
3-seminiferous tubules

34
Q

the interstitial testes tissue contains what androgen (testosterone) producing cells?

A

leydig cells (characteristic lipid droplets)

35
Q

What two cell types are found in the seminiferous epithelium?

A

1-Sertoli cells (physical and metabolic support, forms blood-testis barrier via tight junctions)
2-Spermatogenic cells (produce sperm)

36
Q

What structure carries spermatozoa and liquid from the seminiferous tubules to the duct of the epididymis?

A

intratesticular ducts

37
Q

What is the order of the intratesticular ducts?

A

seminiferous tubules -> tubuli recti -> rete testis -> ductuli efferentes -> epididymis

38
Q

How can you recognize the epithelium of the ductuli efferentes?

A

-scalloped or festooned epithelium alternating between non-ciliated cuboidal with microvilli and taller ciliated ceslls

39
Q

What happens in the pseudo stratified columnar epididymis?

A

Final maturation of sperm (become motile)

40
Q

The ductus deferens is a long straight pseudo stratified columnar, muscular tube connecting what?

A

epididymis to the urethra via the ejaculatory duct

41
Q

What role does the seminal vesicle play?

A
  • makes up about 70% of ejaculate

- contains fructose and prostaglandins mostly

42
Q

What role to bulbourethral glands play?

A

-release clear mucus-like secretion to coat urethra

43
Q

What are the 3 layers of tubuloacinar glands present in the prostate gland?

A

1-Transition zone: mucosal glands
2-Central zone: submucosal glands
3-Peripheral zone: main glands with longer ducts (main area of prostate cancer

*secrete proteolytic enzymes as well as zine, citric acid and acid phosphatase

Histology (13 decks)

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