Reproductive Flashcards
What are the two regions of the ovary?
1-Cortex (contains follicles)
2-Medulla (vascularized with conduits for estrogens and progesterone)
The dense connective tissue capsule of the ovary or testes is called?
tunica albugenia
The squamous or cuboidal epithelial covering of the ovary is called what?
germinal epithelium
What do granulosa cells secrete?
estrogen
What two hormones cause follicles to mature?
- estrogen
- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
What hormone triggers ovulation?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What are the three primary follicle stages?
1-primordial follicle (surrounded by simple squamous epithelium)
2-Unilaminary primary follicle (surrounded by simple cuboidal, FSH stimulates beginning in puberty)
3-Multilaminar primary follicle (stratified cuboidal epithelium)
A glycoprotein coat involved in the acrosome reaction forms between the oocyte and the first germ layer of granulosa cells, what is it called?
Zona pellucida
Interstitial cells at the multi laminar primary follicle stage differentiate into what?
theca folliculi
Liquor folliculi accumaltes to form a fluid filled chamber called what?
antrum (convert androgens to estradiol via aromatase)
The theca folliculi layer of the secondary (antral) follicle has what two layers?
- theca interna (secretes androgens)
- theca externa (CT and smooth muscle)
An oocyte surround by several layers of granulosa cells is called what?
Corona radiata
The stalk susoending the oocyte into the antrum is called what?
cumulus oophorus
What response does a surge of LH cause?
- Oocyte maturation and completion of metaphase II
- Granulosa production of prostaglandins (SM contraction) and hyaluronan (wall weakening)
- release of ovum with corona radiata)
What does the follicle become after ovulation?
corpus luteum (blood fills ruptured follicle=corpus hemorrhagicum)
What do granulosa lutein cells and theca lutein cells secrete?
- Granulosa:Progesterone and estrogen
- Theca: Androgens and progesterone
Decreased progesterone leads to what?
menstruation
thedense CT scar left from an old corpus luteum is called what?
corpus albicans
cells that final to mature die via what?
atresia
what sweeps the ovum into the oviduct?
fimbriae
What 3 layers make up the oviduct?
-Folded mucosa, muscularis and serosa
What two types of cells are found in the oviduct?
- ciliated cells (columnar)
- Peg cells (secrete sperm activation factors and provide nutrition and protection for ovum or zygote)
what are the 4 regions of the oviduct?
1-infundibulum
2-ampulla (fertilization usually happens here)
3-isthmus
4-intramural
The 3-4 layer smooth muscle, muscularis (myometrium) region of the uterus receives nutrition via what arteries?
arcuate arteries
What are the two compartments of the uterus mucosa (endometrium)?
1-Functionalis (shed during menstruation)
2-Basalis (closes to myometrium, contains bases of glands)
Straight arteries supply _______. Progesterone sensitive coiled arteries supply _________. The constriction of those spiral arteries leads to _________.
Basalis, Functionalis, Shedding
What are the three stages of the menstrual cycle?
1-menstrual (resting) phase: Days 1-4 (functionalis shed)
2-Proliferative (follicular) phase: Days 5-14 (functionalis is reconstituted, OVULATION)
3-Secretory (luteal) phase: Days 15-28 (glands secrete, max functionalism thickness)
What is different about the cervix region?
- cylindrical
- wall is dense CT with some smooth muscle fibers
- squamo-columnar junction
What causes the scam-columnar junction location to change with age?
exposure to vaginal environment (like a reverse barretts esophagus)
An overgrowth of stratified squamous epithelium blocks gland openings and leads to what?
nabothian cyst
What stimulates the vaginal epithelial cells to synthesize glycogen?
estrogen
What are the two major products of the testes?
Spermatoza
Testosterone
What are the three major structural components of the testes?
1-tunica albuginea (dense fibrous CT)
2-Mediastinum testis (septa divides into lobules)
3-seminiferous tubules
the interstitial testes tissue contains what androgen (testosterone) producing cells?
leydig cells (characteristic lipid droplets)
What two cell types are found in the seminiferous epithelium?
1-Sertoli cells (physical and metabolic support, forms blood-testis barrier via tight junctions)
2-Spermatogenic cells (produce sperm)
What structure carries spermatozoa and liquid from the seminiferous tubules to the duct of the epididymis?
intratesticular ducts
What is the order of the intratesticular ducts?
seminiferous tubules -> tubuli recti -> rete testis -> ductuli efferentes -> epididymis
How can you recognize the epithelium of the ductuli efferentes?
-scalloped or festooned epithelium alternating between non-ciliated cuboidal with microvilli and taller ciliated ceslls
What happens in the pseudo stratified columnar epididymis?
Final maturation of sperm (become motile)
The ductus deferens is a long straight pseudo stratified columnar, muscular tube connecting what?
epididymis to the urethra via the ejaculatory duct
What role does the seminal vesicle play?
- makes up about 70% of ejaculate
- contains fructose and prostaglandins mostly
What role to bulbourethral glands play?
-release clear mucus-like secretion to coat urethra
What are the 3 layers of tubuloacinar glands present in the prostate gland?
1-Transition zone: mucosal glands
2-Central zone: submucosal glands
3-Peripheral zone: main glands with longer ducts (main area of prostate cancer
*secrete proteolytic enzymes as well as zine, citric acid and acid phosphatase
