CT and Epithelial

Question 1

3 major functions of epithelium

Answer 1

• covering,lining/protecting
• absorption
• secretion

Question 2

Basis of Epithelial classifications

Answer 2

Layering and shape or cells at surface

Question 3

What do Tight junctions do?

Answer 3

Seals adjacent cells

Question 4

Adherens junctions “belts” function

Answer 4

• Anchor cells to neighbors via cadherins

- stabilize and strengthen

Question 5

Desmosomes “spot welds” function

Answer 5

• anchor to neighboring cells via cadherin

- keratin filaments

Question 6

Gap junctions function

Answer 6

-mediate communication and nutrition exchange

Question 7

Define metaplasia

Answer 7

Alteration in adult tissue resulting in significant change from normal expression

Question 8

Define dysplasia

Answer 8

Changes in cell expression are associated with disease

-key event is breaking through basal lamina

Question 9

3 Components of CT

Answer 9

Cells
Protein fibers
Ground substance

Question 10

Embryonic origin of CT

Answer 10

Embryonic mesenchyme

Question 11

4 Permanent connective tissue cells

Answer 11

Fibroblasts
Adipocytes
Macrophages
Mast cells

Question 12

4 Transient CT cells

Answer 12

Plasma cells
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils

Question 13

Fibroblasts functions

Answer 13

Secrete fibers, ground substance and growth factors

Myofibroblasts appear after damage

Question 14

Macrophage function

Answer 14

Survives for months

Phagocytosis, secrete cytokines, present antigens, sense wounds

Question 15

Mast cells function

Answer 15

Inflammatory response

Store and release histamine, heparin, leukotrienes etc.

Question 16

Plasma cells function

Answer 16

Produce antibodies
Short lived (10-20 days)
Clock faced heterochromatin

Question 17

Lymphocytes (T and B cells) function

Answer 17

Dark staining nuclei
T cells:long lived, helper and cytoxic
B cells: produce plasma

Question 18

Neutrophils and eosinophils functions

Answer 18

First responders

Eosinophils stain more red

Question 19

3 types of fibers

Answer 19

Collagen (type 1)
Reticular (type 3)
Elastic

Question 20

Collagen/type 1 characteristics

Answer 20

Most abundant
Resist stretch
Thicker fibers

Question 21

Reticular/Type 3 characteristics

Answer 21

Able to stretch more but still gives structure

Question 22

Elastic fibers function

Answer 22

Found in places that need to stretch.

Question 23

What are GAGs

Answer 23

Linear chains of repeating disaccharide
Negatively charged

Forms bristle of proteoglycan to resist compression

Question 24

Characteristics of loose CT

Answer 24

Most abundant

More cells fewer fibers

Question 25

Characteristic of dense irregular CT

Answer 25

More fibers few cells
Random arrangement
Organ capsules, intestinal submucosa

Question 26

Characteristics of dense regular CT

Answer 26

Fibers in same direction

Tendons and ligaments

Question 27

3 Basic cells involved in wound healing

Answer 27

Neutrophils
Macrophages
Fibroblasts/myofibroblasts

Question 28

What are the 4 basic types of tissue?

Answer 28

• nervous
• epithelial
• muscle
• connective

Question 29

Where is simple squamous found?

Answer 29

Capillaries, alveoli

Question 30

Where is simple cuboidal found?

Answer 30

Glands

Question 31

Where is urothelium found?

Answer 31

Bladder and urethra (stretches)

Question 32

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is found where?

Answer 32

Respiratory tract. Also called respiratory epithelium

Question 33

Where is stratified squamous found?

Answer 33

Skin, esophagus, mouth and vagina

Question 34

Stratified columnar is found where?

Answer 34

Male urethra

Question 35

Keratinized simple squamous is found where?

Answer 35

Skin

Question 36

What do goblet cells do?

Answer 36

Secret mucous