Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

pharmacology > Respiratory 2 > Flashcards

Respiratory 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Names of Muscarinic antagonists

A

Ipratropium bromide (atrovent)
Atropine
Tiotrpium (spiriva)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Decreased airway conduction is caused by

A
  1. constriction of smooth muscle
  2. production of mucus
  3. inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Muscarinic antagonists mechanism

A

competitive antagonists of Ach at the muscarinic
-inhibit Ach mediated constriction of bronchial airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does AcH do at muscarinic receptors

A

constricts bronchial airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What patients are muscarinic antagonists good for?

A

for patients who are intolerant to sympathomimetics or methylxanthines
-variable in bronchodilation effectiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sympathomimetic

A

mimicking the sympathetic responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ipratropium characteristics

A

Quaternary amine
poorly absorbed
does not cross blood brain barrier
-aerosol
-low systemic absorption (limits adverse effects)
-SHORT ACTING
-used for COPD and asthma patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tiotropium

A

Spiriva
Long Acting muscarinic antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Atropine sulfate

A

-readily absorbed in systemic circulation
-adverse effects
-limits the treatment of asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Atropine sulfate adverse effects

A

drowsiness
sedation
dry mouth
blurred vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Glucocorticoids target was

A

inflammatory response
are FIRST LINE AGENTS for PERSISTENT ASTHMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of glucocorticoids

A

Beclomethasone (Beclovent, Vanceril)
Triamcinolone acetate (Azmacort)
Budesonide (Rhinocort)
Flunisolide (AeroBid)
Fluticasone propionate (Flovent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Important types of Glucocorticoids

A

Budesonide (rhinocort)
Fluticasone propionate (flovent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What indicates the need for steroid treatment

A

inflammation is present
(COPD, asthma or other parts of the body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glucocorticoid Mechanism

A

Attenuating prostoglandin and leukotriene synthesis via Annexin A1
-this inhibits the immune response
-increases sympathomimetics and decreases inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do glucocorticoids do for other respiratory medications

A

give them access to work properly by “solving” inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What part of the immune response do glucocorticoids inhibit

A

the production of cytokines and chemoattractants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mast Cells

A

produce histamine in response to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can glucocorticoids be administered

A

Oral, topical, inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Inhalation of glucocorticoids are used for

A

initial treatment for asthma, you add agents as needed
-inflammation
-use prophylactically rather than to reverse acute attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Glucocorticoids side effects

A

hoarseness
oral candidiasis (thrush)
adrenal surpression (serious)
osteoporosis (serious)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

considerations before prescribing glucocticoids

A

pt compliance
steroid use previously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

names of Leukotriene inhibitors

A

zafirlukast (Accolate)
montelukast (Singulair)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mechanism of Leukotriene inhibitors

A

agonists of leukotriene receptor (LT1).
Blocks cyst-leukotriene C4, D4, E4 (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4)

“try to stop the inflammatory response before it starts”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
leukotrienes
chemicals your body releases when introduced to something youre allergic to
25
Characteristics of Leukotriene inhibitors
reduces bronchoconstriction and inflammatory cell response -alternative to medium dose inhaled glucocorticoids
26
Adverse affects of Zafirlukast
headaches elevation of liver enzymes
27
Administration of Leukotriene inhibitors
orally 1-2 QD
28
Zafirlukast interactions
inhibits the metabolism of warfarin
29
Zileuton (Zyflo)
Inhibits 5-lipoxygenase -immediate and sustained 15% improvement FEV1 -relieves bronchial constriction from exercise
30
5-lipoxygenase
rate eliminating enzyme in leukotriene biosynthesis -inhibited by Zilueton (zyflo)
31
Administration of Zileuton
PO 4 times daily
32
Side effects of Zileuton
Liver toxicity (monitor hepatic enzymes, elderly women at risk) Flu like symptoms
33
Zileuton interactions
inhibits P-450's (in liver) decreases the metabolism of warfarin and theophylline
34
Types of Alfa-1 Protease Inhibitors
Aralast and Prolastin
35
Mechanism of Alfa-1 protease Inhibitors
inhibits alpha-1 proteinase -treats emphysema
36
What does alpha-1 proteinase do?
a peptide that inhibits elastase release (elastase destroys the lungs parenchyma)
37
Administration of Alfa-1 Protease Inhibitors
Via IV injection weekly -treats for homozygous deficiency
38
Anti-IgE antibody names
Omalizumab
39
Anti-IgE antibody mechanisms
Binds to IgE high affinity receptor -blocks the binding of IgE mast cells, basophils, allergic response cells -lowers free serum IgE by up to 90%
40
What does Anti-IgE antibodies do in the early and late phase
Reduces early phase degranulation (histamine) of mast cells Reduces late phase release of mediators
41
what to Anti-IgE antibodies not do
block allergen-antibody rxn -leads to a reduction in allergen concentrations
42
Target audience of Anti-IgE antibody
12+ years old Refractory to inhaled glucocorticoid Asthmatic patients with allergies
43
Administration of Anti-IgE antibodies
Via SQ injection Q2-4 weeks
44
Chromones names
Cromolyn sodium Nedocromil
45
What is Chromones used for
long term controller therapy that prevents asthma symptoms and improve airway functions
46
Target audience of Chromones
Patients with mild, persistent, or exercise induced asthma
47
Chromones Mechanism
Modulates the mast cell mediator release and eosinophil recruitment -inhibits early and late asthmatic responses to allergen challenge and bronchospasm
48
Side effects of Chromones
clinical response is less predictable than inhaled corticosteroids
49
Rhinitis characteristics
congestion, increased mucus production, vasodilation, fluid accumulation in mucosal spaces
50
Parasympathetic stimulation and Airway dilation are produced by
inflammatory mediators
51
inflammatory mediators
histamine, leukotienes, prostaglandins, kinins
52
what are Antihistamines
H-1 receptor antagonists -preventative therapy (before reaction)
53
1st generation Formulary of Antihistamines
Diphenhydramine brompheniramine chlorpheniramine2
54
2nd generation formulary antihistamines
loratadine
55
Antihistamines Actions
-reduce parasympathetic tone of arterioles -decrease secretion through anticholinergic activity
56
anticholinergics
are more effective but dose required produces systemic adverse affects
57
Ipratropium bromide (atrovent) is also used for
nasal spray for rhinorrhea, rhinitis
58
Alpha Adrenoceptor agonists
nasal decongestants
59
Alpha adrenoceptor agonists names
Epinephrine and oxymetazoline (via nasal aerosols) Pseudophendrine (PO) Phenylephrine (PO or nasal)
60
Administration of Alpha-Adrenoceptor agonists
aerosol- rapid onset, few systemic affects, rebound nasal congestion oral- longer duration, increased systemic effects, less. potential for rebound congestion

pharmacology (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions