HEENT MOA

Question 1

Cholionomimetic agents

Answer 1

mimics acetylcholine & activates muscarinic receptors

Question 2

Direct acting cholionometic agent

Answer 2

binds to ACH receptors and activates teh PNS

Question 3

Indirect acting cholionomimetic agents

Answer 3

inhibits the breakdown of ACH by cholinesterase
this leads to an increase of ACH in the synaptic cleftr and activates the PNS

Question 5

cholinometic effects on the body

Answer 5

• CV: slows pulse
• ENDO: increases sweat, saliva, tears
• EYE: contracts muscles of the eyes (miosis)
• GI: increased motility, secretions, relaxed intrinsic anal sphincter
• MSK: increased muscle contracts
• neurologic: improved cognition
• RESP: bronchoconstriction & increased secretion
• Urinary: contraction of bladder, relaxation of urethral spincter

Question 6

Ophthalmic use of pilocarpine & carbachol (direct acting)

Answer 6

Binds to the muscarinic receptor and causes contraction of pupillary sphincter & ciliary muscle contraction

causes miosis

Question 7

Vareicline (direct acting)

Answer 7

partial agonist at nicotinic receptors

for nicotine addiction

Question 8

Physotigmine (indirect acting)

Answer 8

replinishes ACH in the synapse and prevents ACH toxicity
only cholinomimetic to travel through the BBB

Question 9

Donepezil & Rivastigmine (indirect acting)

Answer 9

reversibly inactivate cholinesterases

Question 10

Pralidoxime

Answer 10

prevents agining of cholinesterase enzyme (by binding)
displaces organophosphates from binding sites and regerates it

Question 11

Brimonidine (alphagan P)

Answer 11

selective alpha 2 agonist that causes a reduction in aqueous humor formation

Question 12

Timolol

beta adrenoreceptor

Answer 12

blocks B1 and B2 adrenergic receptors in the eye
* reduced IOP
* reduced aqueous humor production

Question 13

Latanoprost (Xalatan)

opthalamic prostoglandin

Answer 13

prostoglandin F2-alpha analog
* reduces IOP by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor*

Question 14

what drug causes increased eyelash growth

Answer 14

Bimatoprost (latisse/lumigan)

Question 15

Bimatoprost (latisse/lumigan)

Answer 15

synthetic analog of prostoglandin w/ ocular hypotensive activity
* decreases IOP by increasing outflow

Question 16

Pilocarpine (isopto carpine) & carbachol

Answer 16

directly stimulates cholinergic receptor M3 in the eye causing:
*miosis
*loss of accomadation
*lowering of IOP

Question 17

Dorzolamide (trusopt) and Briznolamide

Answer 17

Reversible inhibition of carbonic anhydrase 2 and 4 in the ciliary epithelium

Question 18

what is the result of carbonic anhydrase

Dorzolamide (trusopt) and brinzolamide

Answer 18

• reduction of H ion at renal tubule
• decreased aqeuous humor production
• reduced IOP

Question 19

atropine

Answer 19

blocks ACh action that normally induces mydriasis and radial pupillary dilator muscle resulting in:
*dilation of pupil
*paralysis of ciliary muscle

Question 20

antihistamines with mast-cell stablizing properties

for allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 20

1. blocks H1 receptors at the conjunctiva & eyelids
2. inhibits mast cell degranulation and limiting the release of histamine, tryptase, prostaglandin

Question 21

what drugs have a MOA that inhibits mast cell degranulation

Answer 21

• cromlyn sodium
• nedocromil
• iodoxamide
• premiolast

Question 22

naphazoline-Phinramine (Naphcon A)

Answer 22

Pheniramine antagonizes H1 receptors to reduce ocular pruritus and congestion

Naphazoline stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors, reducing ocular congestion and redness

Question 23

Ketotifen (alaway)

Answer 23

opthlamic solution that selectively

Question 24

olpatadine (pataday)

Answer 24

selectively inhibits H1 receptors and inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells

Question 25

Alcaftadine (lastacaft)

Answer 25

Selectively antagonizes H1 receptors to inhibit histamine release from mast cells

Question 26

what does atropine do in the body

Answer 26

* speeds heart up * used to correct 3rd heart block * competitively inhibits AcH