antihypertensive agents 1 Flashcards
4 categories of antihypertensive agents
- direct vasodilators
- sympathoplegic agents
- diuretics
- agents that block production of angiotension
what do direct vasodilators do for HTN?
relaxing vascular smooth muscle, dilating resistence
results: reduces pressure, increase capacitance
What do sympathoplegic agents do for HTN?
reducing peripheral vascular resistance, inhibiting cardiac function, increasing venous pooling in vessels
results: lower BP, (reduce cardiac output)
what do diuretics do for HTN?
depeletes the body of sodium
result: reduces blood volume and lowers BP
what do agents that block production or action of angiotensin do for HTN
block or reduce angiontensin
result: reduce peripheral vascular resistance and blood volume
what are the first line antihypertensives
- ACE inhibitors
- ARB’s (-sartans,
List 3 ACE-inhibitor drugs
- Lisinopril (zestril)
- Captopril
- Enalapril (vasotec)
what is Lisinopril’s dosage and name brand
2.5 - 40 mg PO qd
Zestril
what blocks angiotensinogen from turnign to angiotensin 1
aliskiren
(blocks renin)
what captopril’s dosage
12.5-100 mg PO bid/tid
what is the dosage of Enalapril? what is the name brand
2.5-20mg PO qd
Vasotec
what is the MOA of ACE inhibitors
inhibition of ACE that lowers the conversion of angiotensin 1-angiotensin 2
What are the indications of ACE inhibitors
-first line for: diabetes mellitus, renal disease
-heart failure w reduce EF
what are ACE inhibitors known as
cardiprotective and renal protective
what are the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors
- cough
- angioedema
- ACEIs: pemphigus vulgaris
What are the contraindications to ACE inhibitors
2 absolute, 2 relative
- C1 esterase inhibitror deficiency
- pregnancy
relative: Bilateral renal artery stenosis, solitary kidney
what is C1 esterase deficiency
hereditary angioedema
-recurrent angioedmea w/o uticaria or pruitius
what are possible drug interactions of ACE inhibitors
list 4
- other hypertensive drugs
- NSAIDS (can decrease effect)
- Potassium-sparing diuretics (increases hyperkalemia)
- increasing levels of lithium
what does high blood pressure do to blood vessels?
damages them (especially important in kidney)
what symptom can damage tissue (unique)
cough
what are 2 drugs part of the ARB’s group
-sartans
1. Valsartan (Diovan)
2. Candesartan (Atacand)
what is the dosage of valsartan? what is the name brand
40-320 mg PO qd
what is lithium
a mood stabalizer
what is the dosage of candesartan? what is the name brand?
4-32 mg PO qd
Atacand
