Respiratory Flashcards
what is the most common cold?
rhinovirus
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- seen in kids w/ asthma or those younger than 3 yrs
- entry is through the nose or eyes
-symp: rhinitis, clear secretions,
-treated with decongestants
what is the difference between rhino sinusitis and sinusitis?
sinusitis causes purulent discharge while rhino causes clear secretions only
rhinosinutitis (sinusitis)
if longer than 3 months its considered chronic
-diagnosed with physical examination ,pain in the face or head when bending down
treated with abx
-replicates itself in the resp epithelium
-causes highest mortality in kids and adults
-there are two types
-treated with antiviral meds if before __ hours?
influenza
48 hours
type a vs type b
type a: is the most common and most severe, infects multiple species, and is divided into hemagglutinin, and neurominidase
type b: only in humans, less severe
Pneumonia
-infectiona of ____ resp. tract
-leading cause of death in ___
-infectious & noninfectious causes are:?
-what are the two classifications?
- infection of the lower resp. tract
-elderly
-infectious cause: bacteria, viruses
-nonin: gastic secretions in lungs
-classficiations:
-community ( up to 48 hours admitted) & hospital acquired
that is the most common pneumonia?
streptococcus pneumonia which can be typical or atypical
Atypical vs typical pneumonia
typical: worse than atypical, causes severe fever, lung consolidation, purulent sputum, detected in x ray. high remits and sounds like an “e” when auscultating
atypical: sputum in between the alveoli, dry cough, headache, “a” sounds clear
once tuberculosis moves onto different systems of the body what is it called?
disseminated or miliary tuber
tuberculosis
-nurses needs n95 mask, patient in negative pressure room
-will have ghon focus present which are granulomas and surrounding tissue
-no symptoms upon first infection but on second infection.
upon primary infection of tuber, the person is considered infectious?
false, only on the second infection; only infectious if person is immunocompromised
a primary infection will have a + ppd test with granulomas
true
TB test
-check for bumps
- if more than 15 mm= positive
>10mm= recent immigrants, iv drug users, nursing homes, health care, prisons
>5 mm=recent contact with TB person, HIV +, organ transplant
TB treatment
-INH, RIF (rifampin), PZA
latent infection: 6 months of INH
active tb: 2 moths of INH, RIF,PZA and 4 months of INH
chemoreceptors vs lung receptors
1.chemo monitor O2 and CO2 levels and can adjust resp rate
2.lung monitor breathing pattern
a.central: in brainstem monitor CO2
b.peripheral: in carotid and detect O2
what is a persons respiration rate based off of
their O2
- blockage in alveoli, no O2 in tissue
-alveoli have O2, but no capillary perfusion (pulmonary embolism)
-blockage in alveoli and capillary
-collection of fluid in pleural cavity
-shunt
-deadspace
-silent
-pleural effusion
clear fluid vs creamy fluid w/proteins vs pus filled
these are types of pleural effusions
transudate vs exudate vs empyema
pneumothorax
- air gets trapped into pleural cavity
-spontaneous- when it happens to young people
-traumatic
-open (communicating): air pressure equals barometric pressure
-tension: theres a deviation in the trachea, so air enters during inhaling leaves - you will see tachypnea, dyspnea
____ of lung
-causes: surge , pneumonia
-symp: dyspnea, cough, fever
-prevented by doing deep breathing, position changes
atelectasis
Asthma
what is it?
what are the medications?
triggers?
-chronic inflammatory disorder; IgE attaches to mast cell
-SABA ( albuterol) short acting; used during attacks
-LABA (long lasting) used to prevent attacks
-coritcosteroids
-triggers: pollen, exercise, drugs
look at notes for the types of asthma
emphysema
-alveoli are destroyed, due to low elastin
-this happens because elastase breaks down elastin, seen in people with this genetic, or smoking
-symp: barrel chest, weight loss , low breath sounds, advanced cor pulmonale (RHF)
treatment: corticosteroids, inhaled anticholinergics
chronic bronchitis
-air is trapped due to mucus so low O2;productive cough for 2 years
-causes advanced lung
-treatment: vaccines, same as emphysema
what are emphysema people called?
what are bronchitis people called?
pink puffers
blue bloaters
what does pulmonary HTN causes and what is it also known as?
it causes right sided heart failure, known as cor pulmonale
pulmonary embolism
-DVT became dislodged; bone marrow leaks from bone breakage or amniotic fluid can reach mothers circulation
risk factor: virchows triad (hypercoagulativity, endothelial injury, venous stasis (a fib))
symp: chest pain , dyspnea, tachycardia
treated with TPA, inferior vena cava filter
Cor pulmonale
- due to RV hypertrophy from pulm HTN
-high rbc’s to compensate
-valve murmurs present
is cor pulmonale RV and LV hypertrophy?
no only RV
Acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS
-proteins leak into capillaries of alveoli
-causes: near drowning, burns
-will see white lungs
