Respiratory

Question 1

what is the most common cold?

Answer 1

rhinovirus

Question 2

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Answer 2

• seen in kids w/ asthma or those younger than 3 yrs
• entry is through the nose or eyes
  -symp: rhinitis, clear secretions,
  -treated with decongestants

Question 3

what is the difference between rhino sinusitis and sinusitis?

Answer 3

sinusitis causes purulent discharge while rhino causes clear secretions only

Question 4

rhinosinutitis (sinusitis)

Answer 4

if longer than 3 months its considered chronic
-diagnosed with physical examination ,pain in the face or head when bending down
treated with abx

Question 5

-replicates itself in the resp epithelium
-causes highest mortality in kids and adults
-there are two types
-treated with antiviral meds if before __ hours?

Answer 5

influenza
48 hours

Question 6

type a vs type b

Answer 6

type a: is the most common and most severe, infects multiple species, and is divided into hemagglutinin, and neurominidase
type b: only in humans, less severe

Question 7

Pneumonia
-infectiona of ____ resp. tract
-leading cause of death in ___
-infectious & noninfectious causes are:?
-what are the two classifications?

Answer 7

• infection of the lower resp. tract
  -elderly
  -infectious cause: bacteria, viruses
  -nonin: gastic secretions in lungs
  -classficiations:
  -community ( up to 48 hours admitted) & hospital acquired

Question 8

that is the most common pneumonia?

Answer 8

streptococcus pneumonia which can be typical or atypical

Question 9

Atypical vs typical pneumonia

Answer 9

typical: worse than atypical, causes severe fever, lung consolidation, purulent sputum, detected in x ray. high remits and sounds like an “e” when auscultating
atypical: sputum in between the alveoli, dry cough, headache, “a” sounds clear

Question 10

once tuberculosis moves onto different systems of the body what is it called?

Answer 10

disseminated or miliary tuber

Question 11

tuberculosis

Answer 11

-nurses needs n95 mask, patient in negative pressure room
-will have ghon focus present which are granulomas and surrounding tissue
-no symptoms upon first infection but on second infection.

Question 12

upon primary infection of tuber, the person is considered infectious?

Answer 12

false, only on the second infection; only infectious if person is immunocompromised

Question 13

a primary infection will have a + ppd test with granulomas

Answer 13

true

Question 14

TB test

Answer 14

-check for bumps
- if more than 15 mm= positive
>10mm= recent immigrants, iv drug users, nursing homes, health care, prisons
>5 mm=recent contact with TB person, HIV +, organ transplant

Question 15

TB treatment

Answer 15

-INH, RIF (rifampin), PZA
latent infection: 6 months of INH
active tb: 2 moths of INH, RIF,PZA and 4 months of INH

Question 16

chemoreceptors vs lung receptors

Answer 16

-chemo monitor O2 and CO2 levels and can adjust resp rate
-lung monitor breathing pattern
-central: in brainstem monitor CO2
-peripheral: in carotid and detect O2

Question 17

what is a persons respiration rate based off of

Answer 17

their O2

Question 18

• blockage in alveoli, no O2 in tissue
  -alveoli have O2, but no capillary perfusion (pulmonary embolism)
  -blockage in alveoli and capillary
  -collection of fluid in pleural cavity

Answer 18

-shunt
-deadspace
-silent
-pleural effusion

Question 19

clear fluid vs creamy fluid w/proteins vs pus filled

Answer 19

these are types of pleural effusions
transudate vs exudate vs empyema

Question 20

pneumothorax

Answer 20

• air gets trapped into pleural cavity
  -spontaneous- when it happens to young people
  -traumatic
  -open (communicating): air pressure equals barometric pressure
  -tension: theres a deviation in the trachea, so air enters during inhaling leaves
• you will see tachypnea, dyspnea

Question 21

____ of lung
-causes: surge , pneumonia
-symp: dyspnea, cough, fever
-prevented by doing deep breathing, position changes

Answer 21

atelectasis

Question 22

Asthma
what is it?
what are the medications?
triggers?

Answer 22

-chronic inflammatory disorder; IgE attaches to mast cell
-SABA ( albuterol) short acting; used during attacks
-LABA (long lasting) used to prevent attacks
-coritcosteroids
-triggers: pollen, exercise, drugs

Question 23

look at notes for the types of asthma

Question 24

emphysema

Answer 24

-alveoli are destroyed, due to low elastin
-this happens because elastase breaks down elastin, seen in people with this genetic, or smoking
-symp: barrel chest, weight , low breath sounds, advanced cor pulmonale (RHF)
treatment: corticosteroids, inhaled anticholinergics

Question 25

chronic bronchitis

Answer 25

-air is trapped due to mucus so low O2;productive cough for 2 years
-causes advanced lung
-treatment: vaccines, same as emphysema

Question 26

what are emphysema people called?
what are bronchitis people called?

Answer 26

pink puffers
blue bloaters

Question 27

what does pulmonary HTN causes and what is it also known as?

Answer 27

it causes right sided heart failure, known as cor pulmonale

Question 28

pulmonary embolism

Answer 28

-DVT became dislodged; bone marrow leaks from bone breakage or amniotic fluid can reach mothers circulation
risk factor: virchows triad (hypercoagulativity, endothelial injury, venous stasis (a fib))
symp: chest pain , dyspnea, tachycardia
treated with TPA, inferior vena cava filter

Question 29

Cor pulmonale

Answer 29

• due to RV hypertrophy from pulm HTN
  -high rbc’s to compensate
  -valve murmurs present

Question 30

is cor pulmonale RV and LV hypertrophy?

Answer 30

no only RV

Question 31

Acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS

Answer 31

-proteins leak into capillaries of alveoli
-causes: near drowning, burns
-will see white lungs