Integumentary system Flashcards
What are some primary skin dysfunctions?
macule, patch, papule, tumor, plaque, spider veins (telangiectasia), cyst
what are some secondary skin dysfunctions?
these are similar to primary but are modified
-scale, keloid, ulcer, scar, fissure, LICHENIFICATION (LEATHER )
macule vs patch
both are flat
-mac: are less than 1 cm while patch are larger
-mac ex:petechiae,
-pat:cafe au lait spot
papule vs plaque
-both are elevated
-pap is les than 1 cm and pla is larger
- papule ex: mole
-plaque ex: psoriasis (SILVER FLAKY)
pustule vs vesicle
-pustule: are purulent and less than 1 cm
-vesicle: filled with clear fluid
-EX: HERPES SIMPLEX, VARICELLA
nodule vs bulla
-nodule- solid mass elevated, larger than 1 cm. ex; dermatofibroma
-bulla- elevation with fluid , larger than 1 cm.ex; blisters
wheales
elevated white/pink
ex: allergies, ppd , uticaria
in what stage of pressure ulcers can you see fat?
stage 3
Eczema, also known as ____
-atopic dermatitis
-it’s inflammation process, IgE
-severe pruritis, redness,
-happens if have history of high fever, asthma
Contact dermatitis (__)?
-allergy
-CD4 and T lymphocytes are responsible for this
-non IgE
What are the papulosquamos disorders?
psoriasis, pityriasis
Psoriasis
-chronic inflammatory that involved thickening of dermal and epi dermis
-shows up silver and scaly because theres no good keratin
+ auspitz sign present
what is the normal amount of days it takes to skin to turnover? and what is it in psoriasis?
normal is 14-20 days while psoriasis it takes 3-4w
what is auspitz sign?
when scales are scratched, bleeding occurs
pityriasis rosea
-bening inflammatory - due to a virus but it goes away bu itself
-herald patch present
what is heralds patch?
these are circular, salmon pink 3-10cm.
once one pops up, more will pop up
tinea infection
-superficial fungal infection. due to dermatophytes
ex:athletes foot, ringworm (t coporis)
-will need systemic anti fungal meds but are harsh to liver
what are bacterial infections?
cellulitis
impetigo
cellulitis
infection of subq
impetigo
-honey colored crust, moist red base
-EXTREMELY CONTAGIOUS AROUND MOUTH AND NOSE
-topical abx
-can cause liver prob
what are viral infections
HPV, herpes zoster (shingles)
HPV
-theres a vaccine
-HPV 1 & 2- cause warts
-HPV 16 & 18 - cause cervical cancer
Herpes simplex
HSV 1: infect in cornea, mouth
HSV 2: genitals
PAINFUL VESICLES
Herpes zoster (shingles), varicella
- will lay dormant until immune sys is low
what is another word for moles?q
nevi
-premaglinant lesions (benign)
actinic keratosis (AK)
what is the most common skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma, presents as red macule w/depressed center
- in face, and hands and happens after AK
squamous cell carcinoma
how do you approach melanomas?
ABCDE approach
Does normal sun exposure cause malignant cancer?
no, it will cause basal and squamous
malignant is blistering
first degree
-superficial: only epidermis, blanches, no blisters, 3-6 days
-superficial partial thickness: epi and some dermis
second degree
-deep partial, more than dermis MOST PAINFUL
third degree
full thickness up to subq
will need to have escharotomies ( to relieve syndrome)
fourth degree
full thick, tendons and muscle bones
how do you estimate body burn?
rule of nines
with major burns, what happens to CV system
cardio output and contractility will be low , low perfusion
There will be high Na and low K with major burns, will need high calorie/protein diet
compartment syndrome
-nerve and blood vessels are damage from edema so you need to open them up
