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Pathophysiology > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

What are some primary skin dysfunctions?

A

macule, patch, papule, tumor, plaque, spider veins (telangiectasia), cyst

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2
Q

what are some secondary skin dysfunctions?

A

these are similar to primary but are modified
-scale, keloid, ulcer, scar, fissure, LICHENIFICATION (LEATHER )

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3
Q

macule vs patch

A

both are flat
-mac: are less than 1 cm while patch are larger
-mac ex:petechiae,
-pat:cafe au lait spot

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4
Q

papule vs plaque

A

-both are elevated
-pap is les than 1 cm and pla is larger
- papule ex: mole
-plaque ex: psoriasis (SILVER FLAKY)

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5
Q

pustule vs vesicle

A

-pustule: are purulent and less than 1 cm
-vesicle: filled with clear fluid
-EX: HERPES SIMPLEX, VARICELLA

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6
Q

nodule vs bulla

A

-nodule- solid mass elevated, larger than 1 cm. ex; dermatofibroma
-bulla- elevation with fluid , larger than 1 cm.ex; blisters

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7
Q

wheales

A

elevated white/pink
ex: allergies, ppd , uticaria

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8
Q

in what stage of pressure ulcers can you see fat?

A

stage 3

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9
Q

Eczema, also known as ____

A

-atopic dermatitis
-it’s inflammation process, IgE
-severe pruritis, redness,
-happens if have history of high fever, asthma

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10
Q

Contact dermatitis (__)?

A

-allergy
-CD4 and T lymphocytes are responsible for this
-non IgE

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11
Q

What are the papulosquamos disorders?

A

psoriasis, pityriasis

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12
Q

Psoriasis

A

-chronic inflammatory that involved thickening of dermal and epi dermis
-shows up silver and scaly because theres no good keratin
+ auspitz sign present

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13
Q

what is the normal amount of days it takes to skin to turnover? and what is it in psoriasis?

A

normal is 14-20 days while psoriasis it takes 3-4w

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14
Q

what is auspitz sign?

A

when scales are scratched, bleeding occurs

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15
Q

pityriasis rosea

A

-bening inflammatory - due to a virus but it goes away bu itself
-herald patch present

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16
Q

what is heralds patch?

A

these are circular, salmon pink 3-10cm.
once one pops up, more will pop up

17
Q

tinea infection

A

-superficial fungal infection. due to dermatophytes
ex:athletes foot, ringworm (t coporis)
-will need systemic anti fungal meds but are harsh to liver

18
Q

what are bacterial infections?

A

cellulitis
impetigo

19
Q

cellulitis

A

infection of subq

20
Q

impetigo

A

-honey colored crust, moist red base
-EXTREMELY CONTAGIOUS AROUND MOUTH AND NOSE
-topical abx
-can cause liver prob

21
Q

what are viral infections

A

HPV, herpes zoster (shingles)

22
Q

HPV

A

-theres a vaccine
-HPV 1 & 2- cause warts
-HPV 16 & 18 - cause cervical cancer

23
Q

Herpes simplex

A

HSV 1: infect in cornea, mouth
HSV 2: genitals
PAINFUL VESICLES

24
Q

Herpes zoster (shingles), varicella

A
  • will lay dormant until immune sys is low
25
Q

what is another word for moles?q

A

nevi

26
Q

-premaglinant lesions (benign)

A

actinic keratosis (AK)

27
Q

what is the most common skin cancer?

A

basal cell carcinoma, presents as red macule w/depressed center

28
Q
  • in face, and hands and happens after AK
A

squamous cell carcinoma

29
Q

how do you approach melanomas?

A

ABCDE approach

30
Q

Does normal sun exposure cause malignant cancer?

A

no, it will cause basal and squamous
malignant is blistering

31
Q

first degree

A

-superficial: only epidermis, blanches, no blisters, 3-6 days
-superficial partial thickness: epi and some dermis

32
Q

second degree

A

-deep partial, more than dermis MOST PAINFUL

33
Q

third degree

A

full thickness up to subq
will need to have escharotomies ( to relieve syndrome)

34
Q

fourth degree

A

full thick, tendons and muscle bones

35
Q

how do you estimate body burn?

A

rule of nines

36
Q

with major burns, what happens to CV system

A

cardio output and contractility will be low , low perfusion

37
Q

There will be high Na and low K with major burns, will need high calorie/protein diet

A
38
Q

compartment syndrome

A

-nerve and blood vessels are damage from edema so you need to open them up

Pathophysiology (15 decks)

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