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Pathophysiology > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

When is diarrhea considered chronic?

A

longer than 4 weeks

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2
Q

what are the 2 types of diarrhea?

A

large vol: due to viral infection
small vol: excess motility

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3
Q

where does the reflex of vomiting come from in the brain?

A

medulla oblongata

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4
Q

Intestinal obstruction
types?
symp?

A

-theres mechanical & nonmechanical
-mechanical: due to tumor adhesions, affects latency of bowel , causes nausea, distentions, anorexia, reduced or borborygmus, peritonitis (escape of fluid)
-nonmechanical (ileum): no movement 48-72 hrs, due to surgery or narcotics
-treated with npo, ng tube

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5
Q

peritonitus

A

-inflammation of peritoneum
-due to stomach leaks into vanity
BOARD LIKE RIGIDITY
-symp: tachycardia, high wbc, fever

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6
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A

-breakining in mucosal lining in lower esophagus, stomach or DUODENUM
-due H.pylori, zollinger ellison, too much NSAIDs
-symp:gastric weight loss, dyspepsia, hematemesis, melena (black stool)
-treated with antacids, PPI, and avoiding coffee/alcohol

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7
Q

Duodenal vs Gastric ulcers

A

duodenal: 4x common, pain after eating 2-3 hrs, relieved with more eating
gastric: common among NSAIDS, 55-65 yrs old, pain after meals

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8
Q

GERD

A

-lower esophageal sphincter
-symp: heartburn , chronic cough, barren esophagus
-causes LES relaxation chocolate, peppermint, narcotics
-treatment: weight loss, small meals, avoid garlic onions citrus and SLEEP WITH HEAD OF BED ELEVATED

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9
Q

diverticulosis

A

-sacs in the intestine because it’s accumulated poop
-happens to people who eat low fiver
asymptomatic

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10
Q

diverticulitis

A

-the sacs become infected, LLQ pain
-symp: low grade fever, nausea, vomiting, anorexia
-high wbc, high sedimentation rate

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11
Q

Appendicitis

A

-happens to young people
symp: RLQ pain, starts around umbilicus and migrates, N/V, TENDERNESS @ MCBURNEYs point
positive Rovsings, obturator and psoas sign
-when perforated, theres board like abdomen, and irritable bowel syndrome

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12
Q

-chronic AI inflammatory disease in mucosa of colon
-begins in rectum and moved up
-manged with inflammation meds,
@ risk for colon cancer,
colostomy bad

A

Ulcerative colitis

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13
Q

does ulcerative colitis affect the small intestine?

A

NO

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14
Q

Crohns disease

A

-chronic inflammatory of mucosa and submucosa from the mouth to the anus
-fissures and granulomas can appear
-weight loss, fistula (opening of rectum to outside),non bloody semi solid poop
-treated with high protein diets, low fiber, NSAIDs, abx

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15
Q

jaundice

A

high levels of bilirubin
caused by destruction of RBCs, impaired uptake of liver cells, decreased conjugation and obstruction of bile

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16
Q

with what does bilirubin have to be bound to?

A

protein

17
Q

is chrons an autoimmune disease?

A

no

18
Q

-inflammation of gallbladder
-symp: RUQ abdomen pain can radiate to shoulder, colic pain (increasing pain), attacks when eating fats
–treatment is to remove gall bladder

A

cholescytitis

19
Q

what are cholelithiasis?

A

gall bladder stones

20
Q

What are the three period of viral hepatitis?

A
  1. prodromal/preicterus: no jaundice, flu like sump, head/muscle ache, high AST ALT
    2.icterus period: jaundice present in VH A,RUQ tenderness, light stool dark urine, spider angioma, no flu symp
  2. recovery: severything is normal
21
Q

Which hepatitis is described with the following: can become chronic , due to sexual contact/needle sharing, vaccine available , symp= no jaundice, hepato/spleno megaly

A

hep b

22
Q

This is a viral infection, passed by fecal oral route, vaccine done at 1 yr

A

hep a

23
Q

This one always come with hep B

A

hep d

24
Q

This one has no vaccines, happens because of needle sharing, before 92’ it happened because of blood transfusions. Meds to cure are $$$$

A

hep c

25
Q

-___ tissue in liver
-due too much ___, and viral hep.
-causes portal HTN due to disrupted flow of blood
-symp: esophageal varices, ascities , edema due to low oncotic,
STOOL IS CLAY COLORED , DARK URINE
-treated with lactulose (ammonia)

A

cirrhosis

26
Q

what disease causes enzymes to eat pancreas and what are the symp and treatments?

A

-this is acute pancreatitis
-causes intense pain to back which worsen with activity, and can’t lie down
-treated with NPO, NG tube,
-diagnosed if lipase is high

27
Q

T or F
narcotics do not help with acute pancreatitis pain?

A

true

Pathophysiology (15 decks)

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