GI Flashcards
When is diarrhea considered chronic?
longer than 4 weeks
what are the 2 types of diarrhea?
large vol: due to viral infection
small vol: excess motility
where does the reflex of vomiting come from in the brain?
medulla oblongata
Intestinal obstruction
types?
symp?
-theres mechanical & nonmechanical
-mechanical: due to tumor adhesions, affects latency of bowel , causes nausea, distentions, anorexia, reduced or borborygmus, peritonitis (escape of fluid)
-nonmechanical (ileum): no movement 48-72 hrs, due to surgery or narcotics
-treated with npo, ng tube
peritonitus
-inflammation of peritoneum
-due to stomach leaks into vanity
BOARD LIKE RIGIDITY
-symp: tachycardia, high wbc, fever
peptic ulcer disease
-breakining in mucosal lining in lower esophagus, stomach or DUODENUM
-due H.pylori, zollinger ellison, too much NSAIDs
-symp:gastric weight loss, dyspepsia, hematemesis, melena (black stool)
-treated with antacids, PPI, and avoiding coffee/alcohol
Duodenal vs Gastric ulcers
duodenal: 4x common, pain after eating 2-3 hrs, relieved with more eating
gastric: common among NSAIDS, 55-65 yrs old, pain after meals
GERD
-lower esophageal sphincter
-symp: heartburn , chronic cough, barren esophagus
-causes LES relaxation chocolate, peppermint, narcotics
-treatment: weight loss, small meals, avoid garlic onions citrus and SLEEP WITH HEAD OF BED ELEVATED
diverticulosis
-sacs in the intestine because it’s accumulated poop
-happens to people who eat low fiver
asymptomatic
diverticulitis
-the sacs become infected, LLQ pain
-symp: low grade fever, nausea, vomiting, anorexia
-high wbc, high sedimentation rate
Appendicitis
-happens to young people
symp: RLQ pain, starts around umbilicus and migrates, N/V, TENDERNESS @ MCBURNEYs point
positive Rovsings, obturator and psoas sign
-when perforated, theres board like abdomen, and irritable bowel syndrome
-chronic AI inflammatory disease in mucosa of colon
-begins in rectum and moved up
-manged with inflammation meds,
@ risk for colon cancer,
colostomy bad
Ulcerative colitis
does ulcerative colitis affect the small intestine?
NO
Crohns disease
-chronic inflammatory of mucosa and submucosa from the mouth to the anus
-fissures and granulomas can appear
-weight loss, fistula (opening of rectum to outside),non bloody semi solid poop
-treated with high protein diets, low fiber, NSAIDs, abx
jaundice
high levels of bilirubin
caused by destruction of RBCs, impaired uptake of liver cells, decreased conjugation and obstruction of bile
with what does bilirubin have to be bound to?
protein
is chrons an autoimmune disease?
no
Cholecystitis
-inflammation of gallbladder
-symp: RUQ abdomen pain can radiate to shoulder, colic pain (increasing pain), attacks when eating fats
–treatment is to remove gall bladder
what are cholelithiasis?
gall bladder stones
What are the three period of viral hepatitis?
- prodromal/preicterus: no jaundice, flu like sump, head/muscle ache, high AST ALT
2.icterus period: jaundice present in VH A,RUQ tenderness, light stool dark urine, spider angioma, no flu symp - recovery: severything is normal
Which hepatitis is described with the following: can become chronic , due to sexual contact/needle sharing, vaccine available , symp= no jaundice, hepato/spleno megaly
hep b
This is a viral infection, passed by fecal oral route, vaccine done at 1 yr
hep a
This one always come with hep B
hep d
This one has no vaccines, happens because of needle sharing, before 92’ it happened because of blood transfusions. Meds to cure are $$$$
hep c
cirrhosis
-_ tissue in liver
-due too much _, and viral hep.
-causes portal HTN due to disrupted flow of blood
-symp: esophageal varices, ascities , edema due to low oncotic,
STOOL IS CLAY COLORED , DARK URINE
-treated with lactulose (ammonia)**
what disease causes enzymes to eat pancreas and what are the symp and treatments?
-this is acute pancreatitis
-causes intense pain to back which worsen with activity, and can’t lie down
-treated with NPO, NG tube,
-diagnosed if lipase is high
T or F
narcotics do not help with acute pancreatitis pain?
true
