Hematology Flashcards
What is plasma consisted of? what does it do?
-its made from albumin, globulin and fibrinogen
- it carries waste away and take Anti-B to the tissue
T or F
erythrocytes are able to divide and are immortal?
False, they can’t divide and last 80-120 days
____: this is the formation of RBC
erythropoiesis
What is the normal level of WBC?
5,000-10,000
Which WBCs are granulocytes and which aren’t?
-granulocytes are neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
-non: monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes
What is the normal level of thrombocytes?
also known as platelets
150k-400k
What is the word called for blood abnormalities?
blood dyscrasia
Valus
1.Hemoglobin (anemia)
Male:?
Female:?
2.Hemoglobin (normal)
Male?
Female?
3.Hematocrit (normal)
Male ?
Female?
1.M:<14, F:<12
2. M:14-16.5, F:12-15
3. M:40-50%, F:37-47%
What is the value of the mean corpuscular volume if the person has macrocytic anemia? and microcytic anemia?
Macro: greater than 100
Micro: less than 80
Classification anemia
-Microcytic : iron deficiency, thalassemia, anemia
-Macrocytic: vita B12, and folate deficiency
-Normocytic: anemia of chromo, aplastic
Iron deficiency
- this is caused by blood loss, seen in women with heavy periods
-sign: tachycardia, pale skin, glossitis , pica
-labs: low ferritin ,low MCV,high total bonding iron capacity since theres low ferritin ( iron storage protein)
-treatment: Iron supplements, vitamin C
Can you do a blood transfusion on someone who has iron deficiency?
NO
Thalassemia
-defective synthesis of __ and __ chains of hemo
- ___ thalassemia is seen in ____ population
-____ thalassemia is seen in ____ population
alpha and beta chain
-alpha seen in asian
-beta seen in greek or Italian pop.
Pernicious anemia
-lack of B12 due to lack of intirinsic factor in the GI
-this is. macro anemia
-signs: neurologic deficits : numbness, glossitis
- diagnosis: low CBC, high MCV, SCHILLING TEST
-tretment: B12 shots
Folic acid deficiency
What anemia is it?
Its macro, seen in alcoholics,
-signs: pallor, weakness, fatigue
NEED TO EAT MORE VEGETABLES, FRUITS, NUTS
This is autosomal recessive, consist of defective Hbgs
-signs are hematuria, lethargy, splenomegaly
this is sickle cell anemia
are sickle cell anemia carriers affected?
They’re technically not but the shape of the RBC are slightly different
Thrombocytopenia
-low levels of platelets
-diagnosis: CBC, CoAg studies, Anti-B and PT
What triggers sickle cell anemia?
-cold, stress, too much exercise, dehydration
Heparin Induced thrombocytopenia
-platelets start to aggregate and form thrombus
-theres a development of antiB against heparin
-causes purpura, Bleeding into mucus membranes
* Epistaxis, menorrhagia, hematuria, GI bleeding
* Activity intolerance
* Severe hemorrhage, tachycardia, SOB, altered LOC, death
Hemostasis steps
1.
2.
3.
4.?
- vascular constriction
- platelet plug- ADP and TXA 2 is released which attracts more platelets
- blood coagulation : fibrinogen is the end product
- clot dissolution
what inhibits the release of TXA2?
what inhibits the formation of fibrin?
Asparin
heparin
Von Williebran disease
This is a hereditary bleeding disorder that causes defects in factor VII, vWF .
-treatment: replacement of factors, and DDAVP
____dissolves fibrin which causes the plug to dissolve
plasmin
Hemophilia
A? B?
A: is a factor VIII deficiency while B is a IX deficiency
-treatment is to replace factors
-this means that fibrin can’t be produced
- signs: bleeding in joints/muscles (hemiarthorsis), hematuria, hematoma , intercrannial hemmorage
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
(DIC)
- problem with the ability to clot
-the clotting factors are used up so this causes bleeding to happen
-happens due to another problem such as sepsis, shock
diagnosis: PT/PTT, platelet levels, low Factor VIII, and fibrinogen
There are _ types of leukemia which is ?
4 types, this is cancer of blood or bone marrow
Lymphoma
-cancer of ____
-Hodgkins : ?
-Non Hodkins:?
-cancer of lymphatic system.
-Hodgkins: highly curable, REED- STERNBURG CELLS
-Non: B or T cells involved WORSE ONE
this is a problem with plasma cells,
-causes tumor in skeletal system
-signs: bence jones protein, hypercalcemia, renal failure , anemia, pain in BONE
multiple myeloma
what is the Bence jones protein?
antibodies that damage renal cells
