Hematology

Question 1

What is plasma consisted of? what does it do?

Answer 1

-its made from albumin, globulin and fibrinogen
- it carries waste away and take Anti-B to the tissue

Question 2

T or F
erythrocytes are able to divide and are immortal?

Answer 2

False, they can’t divide and last 80-120 days

Question 3

____: this is the formation of RBC

Answer 3

erythropoiesis

Question 4

What is the normal level of WBC?

Answer 4

5,000-10,000

Question 5

Which WBCs are granulocytes and which aren’t?

Answer 5

-granulocytes are neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
-non: monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes

Question 6

What is the normal level of thrombocytes?

Answer 6

also known as platelets
150k-400k

Question 7

What is the word called for blood abnormalities?

Answer 7

blood dyscrasia

Question 8

Valus
1.Hemoglobin (anemia)
Male:?
Female:?
2.Hemoglobin (normal)
Male?
Female?
3.Hematocrit (normal)
Male ?
Female?

Answer 8

1.M:<14, F:<12
2. M:14-16.5, F:12-15
3. M:40-50%, F:37-47%

Question 9

What is the value of the mean corpuscular volume if the person has macrocytic anemia? and microcytic anemia?

Answer 9

Macro: greater than 100
Micro: less than 80

Question 10

Classification anemia

Answer 10

-Microcytic : iron deficiency, thalassemia, anemia
-Macrocytic: vita B12, and folate deficiency
-Normocytic: anemia of chromo, aplastic

Question 11

Iron deficiency

Answer 11

• this is caused by blood loss, seen in women with heavy periods
  -sign: tachycardia, pale skin, glossitis , pica
  -labs: low ferritin ,low MCV,high total bonding iron capacity since theres low ferritin ( iron storage protein)
  -treatment: Iron supplements, vitamin C

Question 12

Can you do a blood transfusion on someone who has iron deficiency?

Answer 12

NO

Question 13

Thalassemia
-defective synthesis of __ and __ chains of hemo
- ___ thalassemia is seen in ____ population
-____ thalassemia is seen in ____ population

Answer 13

alpha and beta chain
-alpha seen in asian
-beta seen in greek or Italian pop.

Question 14

Pernicious anemia

Answer 14

-lack of B12 due to lack of intirinsic factor in the GI
-this is. macro anemia
-signs: neurologic deficits : numbness, glossitis
- diagnosis: low CBC, high MCV, SCHILLING TEST
-tretment: B12 shots

Question 15

Folic acid deficiency
What anemia is it?

Answer 15

Its macro, seen in alcoholics,
-signs: pallor, weakness, fatigue
NEED TO EAT MORE VEGETABLES, FRUITS, NUTS

Question 16

This is autosomal recessive, consist of defective Hbgs
-signs are hematuria, lethargy, splenomegaly

Answer 16

this is sickle cell anemia

Question 17

are sickle cell anemia carriers affected?

Answer 17

They’re technically not but the shape of the RBC are slightly different

Question 18

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 18

-low levels of platelets
-diagnosis: CBC, CoAg studies, Anti-B and PT

Question 19

What triggers sickle cell anemia?

Answer 19

-cold, stress, too much exercise, dehydration

Question 20

Heparin Induced thrombocytopenia

Answer 20

-platelets start to aggregate and form thrombus
-theres a development of antiB against heparin
-causes purpura, Bleeding into mucus membranes
* Epistaxis, menorrhagia, hematuria, GI bleeding
* Activity intolerance
* Severe hemorrhage, tachycardia, SOB, altered LOC, death

Question 21

Hemostasis steps
1.
2.
3.
4.?

Answer 21

1. vascular constriction
2. platelet plug- ADP and TXA 2 is released which attracts more platelets
3. blood coagulation : fibrinogen is the end product
4. clot dissolution

Question 22

what inhibits the release of TXA2?
what inhibits the formation of fibrin?

Answer 22

Asparin
heparin

Question 23

Von Williebran disease

Answer 23

This is a hereditary bleeding disorder that causes defects in factor VII, vWF .
-treatment: replacement of factors, and DDAVP

Question 24

____dissolves fibrin which causes the plug to dissolve

Answer 24

plasmin

Question 25

Hemophilia
A? B?

Answer 25

A: is a factor VIII deficiency while B is a IX deficiency
-treatment is to replace factors
-this means that fibrin can’t be produced
- signs: bleeding in joints/muscles (hemiarthorsis), hematuria, hematoma , intercrannial hemmorage

Question 26

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
(DIC)

Answer 26

• problem with the ability to clot
  -the clotting factors are used up so this causes bleeding to happen
  -happens due to another problem such as sepsis, shock
  diagnosis: PT/PTT, platelet levels, low Factor VIII, and fibrinogen

Question 27

There are _ types of leukemia which is ?

Answer 27

4 types, this is cancer of blood or bone marrow

Question 28

Lymphoma
-cancer of ____
-Hodgkins : ?
-Non Hodkins:?

Answer 28

-cancer of lymphatic system.
-Hodgkins: highly curable, REED- STERNBURG CELLS
-Non: B or T cells involved WORSE ONE

Question 29

this is a problem with plasma cells,
-causes tumor in skeletal system
-signs: bence jones protein, hypercalcemia, renal failure , anemia, pain in BONE

Answer 29

multiple myeloma

Question 30

what is the Bence jones protein?

Answer 30

antibodies that damage renal cells