Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

heath science > respiratory > Flashcards

respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pharynx

A

throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why are the lungs asymmetrical

A

due to the left lung having to compensate space for the heart and large vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 3 categories of the pharynx

A

naso-pharynx, oro-pharynx, laryngo-pharynx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what type and shape is the cartilage surrounding the trachea

A

hyaline, c shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why is it important that tracheal muscle can relax

A

to allow oesophagus to budge into lumen of trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the trachea contains ciliated epithelial and goblet cells; true or false

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the Hilum

A

where the primary bronchi joins the secondary and tertiary bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the bronchiole vessels

A

these blood vessels surround the lungs supplying them with nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how many fissures are each lung divided into

A

right lung= 2 fissures, horizontal and oblique but the left lung only has oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many lobes in left and right lungs

A

right lung =3, superior, middle and inferior, left lung =2, superior and inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the top of the lung called

A

apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

state structure and function of type 1 alveoli cells

A

simple squamous epithelial, make up majority of respiratory surface, allowing for rapid rate of gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

state structure and function of type 2 alveoli cells

A

produce surfactant acting as detergent, this destroys surface tension ensuring alveoli don’t collapse, they also repair alveoli damages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is carbon tattooing

A

uptake of fine dust and smoke taken in by type 1(alveoli macrophages) cells as they try to clean the respiratory system, making them black in colour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

name 3 things that affects gas transfer in respiratory system

A
  1. partial pressure 2. thickness of respiratory surface 3. area of respiratory surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is partial pressure

A

this is the pressure of all the gases in a container added together - daltons law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is out total air pressure on average

A

101kPa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 common causes of V/Q mismatch

A

asthma, bronchitis, emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is V/Q coupling

A

v= alveolar ventilation (vol of air in gas exchange) Q= perfusion (blood that reaches alveolar via capillaries) and they must match equally for balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what happens to V/Q coupling if too little blood or too little ventilation

A

both result in no gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

at the Apex in V/Q coupling which is higher

A

V exceeds Q as there is a higher alveolar Po2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

at the base in V/Q coupling which is higher

A

Q exceeds V lower areolar Po2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

does good ventilation mean a high or low Po2

A

high Po2 as lots of oxygen present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

does poor ventilation mean high or low Po2

A

low Po2 as little oxygen present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how is oxygen transported in rbcs
via oxyhaemaglobin
26
what is the structure of oxyhemoglobin
4 ham groups, 4 iron groups and 4 oxygen groups
27
what is the difference in structure from oxyhemoglobin to deoxyhaemaglobin
deoxyhaemaglobin doesn't carry the 4 oxygen groups
28
how may o2 molecules can one haemoglobin molecule carry
4 o2 groups so 8 oxygen molecules all together
29
explain affinity for oxygen in heam groups
the 1st o2 group is the hardest to attach but then as more attach, more h+ are given off making it easier for the next o2 groups to attach
30
how is o2 unbounded
this is done by the presence of h+
31
what is the Bohr effect and what are the benefits/purpose
the Bohr effect is when co2 in respiring tissues reacts with h2o to form carbonic acid, this then dissociates into H+ and bicarbonate ions. The H+ ions then help increase rate of unloading o2
32
list the 3 ways co2 can be transported
plasma- 7-10% dissolves in plasma carbaminohaemaglobin- 20-23% carried by haemoglobin bicarbonate- 70% bicarbonate ions carry co2 in blood back to lungs
33
name the enzyme that speed up dissasociation of carbonic acid
carbonic anhydrase
34
haldine affect in tissue and lungs
in tissue- increase o2 release and in lungs - increases co2 release
35
what is the upper tract of the respiratory system
all structure from nose to larynx but not larynx
36
what is classed as the lower respiratory tract
consists of larynx and all structures below
37
define systematic respiration
ventilation of the lungs (breathing)
38
define tissue respiration
gas exchange between air/blood and blood/tissue
39
define cellular respiration
use of o2 in cellular metabolism
40
the order air flows from nose to pulmonary alveoli
nasal cavity- paranasal sinuses- pharynx- larynx- trachea- bronchial tree- alveoli
41
name 3 functions of the nose
produce mucus, filter/warms/moistens air, detects odours, amplifies voice
42
what is the hard palate
floor of nasal cavity/support
43
what is the soft palate
moves superiorly with uvula, closing of nasopharynx and prevents food entering nasal cavity
44
3 functions of the larynx
1. provides open airway 2. acts as switching mechanism for air and food into correct pathway 3. voice produce ( houses vocal chords)
45
why do males have more profound Adams apple and deep voice
it is larger due to higher presence of testosterone and deeper voices due to longer an thicker vocal chords
46
how many secondary bronchi in each lung
right lung = 3 secondary bronchi left lung = 2 (remember each one supply to each lobe)
47
what is the bronchipulmonavry segment
the portion of the lung supplied by each tertiary bronchi
48
what aren the structures of the bronchioles
small airways, lack supportive cartilage but contain smooth muscle
49
what are the roles of the bronchioles
conduct air to terminal bronchioles and can constrict/dilate in response to autonomic nervous system
50
what is the structure of the terminal bronchiole
o.5mm or less and contain cilia
51
what is the function of the terminal bronchioles
conduct air to respiratory bronchioles and cilia prevent mucus accumulation
52
why do mammals need large surface area in lungs
to support high metabolic rate
53
what is respiratory membrane and what is its thickness
barrier between alveoli air and blood and its 0.4um
54
what are the 2 types of pleurae
in the serous membrane, partial pleurae line the thoracic cavity visceral pleurae line the external lung surface
55
what are the functions of pleurae
produce lubricating fluid and compartmentalise the lungs, create pressure gradient and reduce friction
56
why is interpleurael pressure slightly negative
this is because the partial pleurae on the thoracic cavity and the visceral pleurae on the lungs bind together creating a force (interpleural pressure) keeping the lungs from collapsing, this is slightly negative
57
what is boyels law
at constant temp the pressure of gas is inversely proportional to its volume - low vol=increased press and high vol= decreased press
58
explain then 5 stages of inspiration
1. diaphragm depends and ribs move up + out, 2. vol of thoracic cavity increases, 3. lung are stretched increasing volume, 4. causing pressure in lungs to decrease, 5. air flows into lungs down pressure gradient until pressure is 0
59
explain 5 stages of expiration
1. diaphragm rises and ribs decent due to recoil of intercostal muscles, 2. thoracic cavity vol decreases, 3. elastic lungs recoil and vol decreases, 4. pressure in lungs increases retrospectively, 5. air is forced out down concentration gradient until pressure reaches 0
60
there re 9 functions of the respiratory system how many can you name
1. warm + humidify air - one way via nasal cavity trapping air in mucus 2. olfaction (smell)- roof of nasal cavity is lined with olfactory mucus 3. phonation (voice production) - houses vocal chords 4. filter particular matter - nose lined with mucus and hairs 5. pulmonary ventilation (breathing) 6. metabolism of potentially damaging cells - pharynx houses tonsils exposing immune system 7. endocrine function - testosterone promotes laryngeal enlargement in males 8. site of immune defence- lymphatic system maintains blood vol for respiratory gas transport 9. gas exchange - alveoli is the main site f gas exchange
61
is inhalation or expiration a passive process
expiration is passive whereas inhalation require energy

heath science (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions