nutrition

Question 1

name 4 macronutrients

Answer 1

water, carbohydrates, fats, protein

Question 2

name 2 micronutrients

Answer 2

vitamins and minerals

Question 3

name 4 non-nutrient molecules

Answer 3

dietary fibers, phytochemicals, antioxidants, omega 3 fatty-acids

Question 4

what are functional foods

Answer 4

processed foods that contain added ingredients to aid specific body functions

Question 5

why are micronutrients necessary

Answer 5

metabolic functions, growth, development

Question 6

are vitamins and minerals organic or inorganic

Answer 6

minerals = inorganic
vitamins= organic

Question 7

how are vitamins produced

Answer 7

not by the body but each produced differently

Question 8

how is vitamin D produced

Answer 8

uv light

Question 9

what are the 4 fat soluble vitamins

Answer 9

A,D,E,K

Question 10

name 2 water-soluable vitamins

Answer 10

B-complex, C

Question 11

Where are fat soluble vitamins stored

Answer 11

in body fat tissues

Question 12

where are water-soluble vitamins stored

Answer 12

not stored in the body and excess is excreted in urine

Question 13

explain how water soluble and fat soluble vitamins react during cooking

Answer 13

fat-souable= stable
water-solable=lost during cooking

Question 14

name the 2 types of minerals

Answer 14

macrominerals and microminerals

Question 15

name 2 macrominerals

Answer 15

electrolytes and structural

Question 16

name a microminerals

Answer 16

trace elements

Question 17

where is vitamin A found

Answer 17

red/orange fruits and veg, dark green veg

Question 18

what are 2 function of vitamins A

Answer 18

maintain epithelial tissue, protect cell membrane

Question 19

name of condition of deficiency in vitamin A

Answer 19

‘night blindness’

Question 20

where is vitamin d found

Answer 20

dairy fat, liver+fish oils, synthesised in body using uv

Question 21

purpose of vitamin d

Answer 21

increase calcium absorption in gut, promote growth and mineralisation of bone

Question 22

name of condition for deficiency in vitamin d

Answer 22

osteoporosis

Question 23

where is vitamin e found

Answer 23

meat, veg, veg oils

Question 24

purpose if vitamins e

Answer 24

fights free radicals, protect cell membrane

Question 25

name of condition for deficiency in vitamin e

Answer 25

haemolytic and anaemia

Question 26

where is vitamin k found

Answer 26

widespread part of green leafy veg, intestinal products

Question 27

purpose of vitamin k

Answer 27

blood clotting factors

Question 28

conditions due to lack of vitamin k

Answer 28

internal haemorrhage/ bleeding

Question 29

name the 4 B vitamins

Answer 29

b1, b2, b3, b6, b12

Question 30

what is the name of vitamin b1 and where found

Answer 30

thiamine, found in whole-grain, cereals, pulses

Question 31

what is purpose of b1

Answer 31

energy metabolism

Question 32

b2 vitamin name an where found

Answer 32

riboflavin, found in dairy, meat, liver, eggs, beans

Question 33

name of b3 and where is it found

Answer 33

Niacin, found in meat, liver, poultry, fish, wholegrain

Question 34

purpose of b3

Answer 34

energy metabolism, promote cholesterol and fat oxidation and maintain good skin

Question 35

purpose of b2

Answer 35

energy metabolism, cholesterol and fat oxidation and maintain good skin

Question 36

name of b6 and where is t found

Answer 36

pyridoxine, found in meat, liver, poultry, bananas, legumes

Question 37

where is folic acid found

Answer 37

potatoes, meat, liver, nuts, fruit

Question 38

purpose of folic acid

Answer 38

coenzyme for dna+rna , promote haemoglobin, promote roc/wbc formation

Question 39

name of b12 and where is it found

Answer 39

cobalamin, found in shellfish, eggs, dairy, poultry

Question 40

name of vitamin c and where is it found

Answer 40

ascorbic acid, citrus fruits, broccoli, strawberries, kiwi

Question 41

purpose of vitamin c

Answer 41

collagen synthesis, energy metabolism

Question 42

name 5 features that affect nutrient requirements

Answer 42

age, gender, activity level, health status, weight

Question 43

define RNIs (reference nutrient intake)

Answer 43

amount that meets needs of nearly all population

Question 44

what does EARs stand for

Answer 44

Estimated average requirements

Question 45

what does LRNIs stand for

Answer 45

lower reference nutrient intake

Question 46

what does DRVs stand for

Answer 46

Dietary reference value

Question 47

define DRVs

Answer 47

a series of estimates of the amount of energy and nutrients needed by different groups of healthy people in the UK population

Question 48

is malnutrition overnutrition or undernutrition

Answer 48

it is both

Question 49

define malnutrition

Answer 49

state of nutrition in which excess or imbalance of energy, protein + other nutrients (Vits) cause measurable adverse affects on tissue/body form and function and clinical outcome

Question 50

define over nutrition

Answer 50

when intake of nutrients exceeds the amount required for normal growth, development and metabolism

Question 51

what can over nutrition lead to in prolonged period

Answer 51

weight gain and obesity

Question 52

define undernutrition

Answer 52

deficiency in energy/protein/nutrients causing adverse affects on the body (shape/size/compostion), the way it functions and clinical outcomes

Question 53

name 4 different groups of people at high risk of undernutrition

Answer 53

1. chronic disease (cancer/copd)
2. acute illness where adequate food not consumed for more than 5 days
3. housebound/difficulty obtaining and preparing food
4. older adults > 65