inflammation Flashcards
name the 4 main types of inflammation
heat, pain, redness, swelling
how does heat inflammation occur
increased blood flow to site means more heat is transported, the heat increases metabolic rate ensuring speed of repair is faster
how does pain inflammation occur
chemicals released irritating the nerve endings causing localised pain, restricting movement and helping to increase speed of repair
why is redness a feature of inflammation
vasodilation of vessels, redness is due to increased blood flow and number of WBCs helping with immune response.
why does swelling occur in inflammation
increased permeability of blood vessels means fluid leaks between tissue cells and swelling occurs to restrict movement and increase speed of repair.
name 4 chemicals present in inflammation
histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, platelet derived growth factor(PDGF)
2 roles of histamine, kinins and prostaglandins
promotes vasodialtion, increase permeability
further 2 roles of kinins
chemotaxis for leukocytes, promote neutrophils to release lysosomal enzymes
further 2 roles of prostaglandins
induce neutrophils chemotaxis, induce pain
2 roles of PDGF
stimulate fibroblast activity, repair damaged tissue
the 4 main stages of phagocytosis
- leukocytosis, 2. margination, 3. diapedesis, 4. chemotaxis, 5. final
what is the main difference between chronic and acute inflammation
once acute inflammation occurs multiple times retrospectively, it is classed as chronic inflammation. but the main difference is macrophages attend to the injury site in chronic inflammation, compared to neutrophils attending the site in acute inflammation.
what are the 4 reasons for chronic inflammation
persistent infection, chronic irritation, repeated episodes of acute inflammation, immune-medicated inflammatory disease.
