immunity

Question 1

what are the 2 major groups for primary defence

Answer 1

mechanical and chemical

Question 2

name 2 mechanical defences

Answer 2

skin and mucous membrane

Question 3

name chemical defences

Answer 3

stomach acid and lysozyme (in tears and saliva)

Question 4

name the 5 major secondary defences

Answer 4

antimicrobial proteins, natural killer cells, phagocytes, inflammation and fever

Question 5

name 2 antimicrobial proteins

Answer 5

stomach interferon and transferrins

Question 6

name the purpose of nk cells

Answer 6

destroy cells by perforating the plasma membrane

Question 7

role of phagocytes

Answer 7

engulf foreign cells

Question 8

role of fever as secondary defence

Answer 8

increasing internal temp enhances interferon and inhibits microbial growth, speeding up repair

Question 9

what are the 2 types of lymphocytes

Answer 9

B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes

Question 10

what do B-cells produce

Answer 10

antibodies known as immunoglobulins

Question 11

name the 5 different antibodies

Answer 11

REMEMBER- GAMED
igG- main antibody igA- secretory antibody igM- released into plasma igE- associated with allergies and igD- attached to b-cell and acts as antigen receptor

Question 12

where do b-cells develop their immunocompetence

Answer 12

red bone marrow

Question 13

what are t-cells role

Answer 13

to mediate immune response

Question 14

what is one thing t-cells develop into

Answer 14

T killer-cells that can directly attack invading pathogen

Question 15

what is the other thing t-cells develop into

Answer 15

t helper-cells that help both antibody and cells response

Question 16

which lymphocytes produce memory cells

Answer 16

both T and B cells do

Question 17

what do memory cells allow for

Answer 17

they allow for second response to be more efficient

Question 18

what do memory cells have a memory of

Answer 18

the invading antigen

Question 19

what are the two types of immunity classified as

Answer 19

active immunity and passive immunity

Question 20

explain a naturally acquired active immunity

Answer 20

being infected by contact with pathogen

Question 21

explain an artificially acquired passive immunity

Answer 21

immune injection (gamma globulin)

Question 22

define autoimmune response

Answer 22

the body fails to recognise self from non-self and attacks own cells

Question 23

name 2 autoimmune disease

Answer 23

ms- multiple sclerosis- destroys myelin of nerve system and rheumatoid arthritis- destroys cartilage of own joint

Question 24

another term used for allergies

Answer 24

hypersensitivity

Question 25

what are the antigens called that cause allergy

Answer 25

allergen

Question 26

why does an allergy occur

Answer 26

somebody reacts to a substance normally tolerated by most others