Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

heath science > digestive > Flashcards

digestive Flashcards

1
Q

define digestion

A

breakdown of food to useful form that can be absorbed and used by cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 2 different methods of breakdown

A

physical and chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

name 2 physical breakdown methods

A

mastication and chumming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name 3 chemical breakdown methods

A

acids, surfactants and enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

name the two ways that useful forms of break down can be used

A

cellular respiration for production of energy (catabolic) and repair and building (anabolic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name the 5 stages of digestion

A

ingestion, propulsion, digestion(physical and chemical), absorption and defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does GI stand for

A

Gastrointestinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how many layers does the GI wall consist off and name them

A
  1. serosa, 2. musculans, 3. submucosa, 4. mucosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

name 2 function for the serosa

A

to prevent spread of infection and anchor the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name 3 structural components of submucosa

A

made of loose connective tissue, contains blood vessels, nerve, lympvessels, lymphoid tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how many layers of smooth muscle does the Muscular layer contain

A

2 layers, circular and longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function of the muscular layer

A

peristalsis (wave like muscle contractions moving food through tract) and mixing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the 3 functions of the mucosa membrane

A

protects, secretes and absorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the role of the oesophagus

A

to convey food from oropharynx to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

name 3 areas where peristalsis occurs

A

oesophagus, stomach and GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does peristalsis in oesophagus occur

A

initiation is voluntary and then further peristalsis is associated with reflex control of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the structural formation of oesophagus

A

thick protective stratified squamous epithelial, upper 1/3 skeletal muscle(voluntary) and lower 2/3 smooth muscle (peristalsis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the outer layer of the stomach called

A

fundus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how long roughly is food stored in the stomach

A

2 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

name 3 components that may be secreted into the stomach

A

HCl, pepsin and mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

name the 5 different cell types found in the stomach lining

A
  1. surface mucous cells, 2.mucous neck cells, 3.parietal cells, 4.cheif cells, 5.G-cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

name the structure and function of mucous neck cells

A

simple columnar, secrete acidic mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

parietal cells function

A

secret HCl and intrinsic factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

function of chief cells

A

secrete pepsin and lipase

25
function of G-cells
secrete gastrin
26
name the organ that connects the stomach and small intestine
Duodenum
27
name 2 structural features of the small intestine that increase the surface area
mucosa folds and villi+microvilli
28
name 5 cells found in small intestine and their roles
1. absorptive cells (for absorption) 2. goblet cells (secret mucous to prevent infection) 3. entero-endocrine cells (secrete cholecystokinin) 4. paneth cells (defensive lyssozyme) 5. secretory cells ( intestinal juice)
29
name the 3 structural components of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum and ileum
30
name the role of duodenum
secret alkaline mucous to neutralise chyme(stomach acid) and protect mucosa
31
name the role of the jejunum
main absorptive region with the longest villi, pH neutral to alkaline
32
what tissue is found in the ileum
large domes of lymphoid tissue
33
what are the 2 functions of the colon
absorption of water and elimination of faeces
34
name 4 structural features of the colon
thick mucosa ( simple columnar epithelium) many crypts- goblet cells / absorptive cells etc. no circular folds no villi
35
roughly how many types of bacterial flora are found within the colon
10 million
36
name the 4 structural features of the rectum
1. anal cavity, 2. anal sinus, 3. internal anal sphincter, 4.external anal sphincter
37
name structure of anal cavity
stratified squamous epithelium
38
name function of anal sinus
release mucous when compressed
39
are internal and external analk sphincters voluntary or involuntary
internal= involuntary external= voluntary
40
describe the 3 stages of external anal sphincter contraction
1. impulse from cerebral cortex (conscious control) 2.travels down motor nerve to external anal sphincter 3. external anal sphincter begins to contract
41
where and how does absorption take place in digestive system
absorption into blood and lymph vessels in the small and large intestine
42
what are the 7 functions of the liver
detoxification of metabolic waste, destruction of spent RBCs, secretion of bile, synthesis of plasma proteins, processing and storage of nutrients absorbed from gut tube, storage of fat-soluble vitamins, storage of glucose ( glycogen)
43
what is the function of the liver lobule
filtration
44
describe structure of liver lobule
group of hepatocytes separated by connective tissue with portal tracts
45
what is a portal triad
they are found at the corners of lobules and contain: portal vein(blood via gut for filtering) artery(supplying nutrients and oxygen to liver) lymph ducts(collecting lymphatic fluid) bile ducts(collecting bile created in liver)
46
describe the process that occurs in lobules
1. blood flows through hepatic vein to be filtered 2.blood flows through series of sinusoids (very leaky) 3.plaasma filters out sinusoids into intastitual space ( hepatisite cells- produce bile) 4. blood ends up in central vein and joins rest of circulatory system
47
what is the space of diss
the space between hepatic sinusoid( space filled with blood) and hepatocytes
48
name 4 cells that surround the space of diss
hepatocytes, stellate cells, kupffer cells and endothelial cells
49
what are 2 function of the kupffer cells
act as macrophages, phagocytise RBCs and bacteria, extract the iron from haemoglobin to recycle and produce bile Ruben (component in bile)
50
what are the 3 roles of hepatocytes
aborbes nutrients, absorbed waste metabolites, produce glycogen, convert amino acids to albumin, convert ammonia to area
51
what do hepatocytes contain to increase surface area for absorption
villi and microvilli on surface
52
what is the role of quiescent stellate cells
they hang around and take up fatty-acids while sitting in the space of diss
53
what occurs when stellate cells become damaged through excess alcohol
they become fibre-blasts and lay down fibres within the space of diss leading to liver fibrosis (liver failure)
54
what is the role of the epithelial cells surrounding the space of diss
they contain pores between them to allow percolation on fluid
55
what is structure and function of the gall bladder
muscular sac with tall columnar epithelial cell lining and villi/micro villi helping waft bile, lymph and blood vessels in submucosa to transport water away as bile becomes more concentrated. function is to store and concentrates bile n
56
what is the function of bile slats
to emulsify fats
57
name 6 components of bile
bile salts, bile pigments ( chiefly bilirubin), cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids (lecithin) , electrolytes
58
what are he 3 functions of the pancreas
secret digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, nuclease) neutralises acid chyme from stomach, release insulin/glucagon
59
true or false salivary glands are accessory organs
true

heath science (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions