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nervous Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the middle of a nerve called

A

axon

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2
Q

what is the end of a nerve called

A

terminal branches

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3
Q

what is the cell body called

A

soma

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4
Q

name the branches that extended from cell body

A

dendrites

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5
Q

name the 2 components of the central nervous system

A

brain and spinal chord

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6
Q

name the 2 component of the nervous system

A

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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7
Q

name the 3 component of the peripheral nervous system

A

cranial nervous, spinal nerves and ganglia (collection of neuronal cell bodies)

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8
Q

name the 2 functional divisions of the central nervous system

A

somatic and autonomic

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9
Q

what are the differences between somatic and autonomic nervous system

A

somatic=voluntary
autonomic = involuntary

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10
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system further subdivided into

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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11
Q

what does CSF stand for

A

Cerebral spinal fluid

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12
Q

what is the protective layer of the brain called

A

the meninges

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13
Q

how may lateral ventricles are found in the brain

A

2 lateral ventricles

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14
Q

which ventricle is the smallest 3rd or 4th

A

4th ventricle is the smallest

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15
Q

what is choroid plexus and where are they found

A

found in ventricles and produce CSF

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16
Q

where does CSF seep out of

A

arachnoid granulations

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17
Q

name 4 functions of CSF

A
  1. protective medium for brain ‘flotation’
  2. protective cushioning - trauma
  3. removal of metabolites
    4.provides stable ionic environment
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18
Q

name the 4 lobes of the brain

A

frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital

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19
Q

what are the names of the folds in the brain

A

gyrus

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20
Q

what are the depressions and creases in the brain called

A

sulcus

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21
Q

what is the term for a deep sulcus

A

fissures

22
Q

name the 2 major gyrus

A

pre central gyrus
post central gyrus

23
Q

name the 2 major sulcus

A

central sulcus
lateral sulcus

24
Q

what is the grey matter found in brain

A

cell bodies of neutrons and support cells

25
Q

what is the white matter found in the brain

A

axons and fibre tracts

26
Q

name 4 structural components of grey matter

A
  1. neurons
  2. glial cells
  3. blood vessels
  4. no major ( long ) fibre tracts
27
Q

name a component of white matter and its function

A
  1. fiber tracts
    2.connects different areas of the brain - information super highway
28
Q

name 3 functions of frontal lobe

A

planning, emotion, mood, behaviour, motor function, smell

29
Q

parietal lobe functions

A

touch, pain, temporature and sensation

30
Q

temporal lobe 3 functions

A

hearing, language, memory

31
Q

name a function of occipital lobe

A

vision

32
Q

name 2 functions of cerebellum

A

balance and coordination

33
Q

where is the insula and what is it

A

insula is a Gyro that is hidden behind temporal lobe

34
Q

what is the function of insula

A

concious awareness, gustation, cognitive emotional processing, audio-visual integration, interception, homeostatic error detection

35
Q

what is the role of the motor complex

A

motor control of skeletal muscle

36
Q

name 2 inputs for the sensory cortex

A

skin and proprioceptors

37
Q

name the role of visual cortex

A

visual recognition

38
Q

name 2 roles of auditory complex

A

auditory memory and sound recognition

39
Q

name 2 roles of brooks area

A

motor control of speech and speech planning (stutter)

40
Q

name 3 roles of the wernickes area

A

language, reading/listening and word recognition

41
Q

explain the language loop model

A

1.visual cortex, 2.wernickes area and then 3. brooks area

this in loops back to start and repeats

42
Q

define term somatotpy

A

body maps onto brain surface (the body is controlled by different areas of the brain and this can be mapped out onto the surface of brain)

43
Q

name 4 major functions of the brainstem

A

control of sleep and consciousness, modulation of pain, regulation of cv and respiratory system, somatic motor control

44
Q

name 3 parts of the brain stem

A

medulla, pons, midbrain

45
Q

what is the reticulum formation

A

a formation of nuclei that control breathing

46
Q

what are 4 functions of the cerebellum

A

control balance
influence posture and muscle tone
coordination of movement
motor-learning

47
Q

what is the purpose of myelination

A

this allows action potential to jump speeding up process

48
Q

how do synapses work

A

action potential travels to preglanionic synapse, ACh is release, travels across synapse and then action potential is carried on through non-myelinated axon to effector muscle

49
Q

what does ACh stand for

A

Acetylcholine

50
Q

what are the ways to remember how parasympathetic and sympathetic are different

A

parasympathetic- rest&digest
sympathetic- fight and flight

51
Q

what is a tissue that is only sympathetic

A

hair follicle

52
Q

name a tissue that is mainly sympathetic

A

blood vessels

heath science (19 decks)

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