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basics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the 4 main tissue types?

A

epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

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2
Q

3 functions of epithelial tissue?

A

secretion, absorption, protection, lubrication, filtration

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3
Q

what are the 2 types of epithelial tissue?

A

smooth and stratified

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4
Q

what are the further three categories of cell that make up smooth epithelial

A

squamous, cuboidal and columnar

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5
Q

3 functions of squamous epithelial

A

filtration, secretion and lubrication

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6
Q

2 functions of cuboidal epithelial

A

secretion and absorption

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7
Q

3 functions of columnar epithelial

A

absorption, secretion and propelling

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8
Q

where would you find squamous epithelial

A

alveoli and heart

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9
Q

where would you find cuboidal epithelial

A

kidney and ovaries

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10
Q

where would you find columnar epithelial

A

digestive tract

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11
Q

what are the 4 many connective tissues

A

connective tissue proper, blood, bone and cartilage

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12
Q

what are the 4 further subcategories for connective tissue proper

A

areolar tissue, dense regular, dense irregular and adipose tissue

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13
Q

what 3 things are found in the structure of areolar tissue

A

collagen, elastic fibres, fibroblasts and ground substance

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14
Q

where 3 things are found in the structure of dense regular connective tissue

A

wavy fibres, regularly aligned collagen, little bit of elastin and little bit of ground substance.

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15
Q

what 2 things are found in the structure of dense irregular connective tissue

A

fibres in all directions, little bit of ground substance (VERY STRONG)

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16
Q

3 thing found in the structure of adipose connective tissue

A

few structural fibres, adipocytes(90%), accumulating lipids, not much ground substance.

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17
Q

list all 7 features making bone a connective tissue

A

lacunae, osteocytes, periosteum, lamella, osteons, Haversian Cannals and ground substance

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18
Q

which 3 features allows blood to be classified as a connective tissue

A

plasma, RBC/WBC, soluble fibres ( fibrinogen- form fibrin for clotting)

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19
Q

what are the 3 main types of cartilage

A

elastic, fibro and hyaline

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20
Q

3 main functions and structure of fibre-cartilage

A

shock absorber, heavy duty and made up of thick and heavy collagen fibres

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21
Q

where would you find fibro-cartilage

A

intervertebral discs and pubic synthesis ( front of pelvis)

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22
Q

Elastic cartilage has a yellow tinge due to?

A

it being rich in elastic fibres

23
Q

where would you find elastic cartilage

A

ears and epiglottis

24
Q

hyaline cartilage has a smooth surface due to it being found primarily in what?

A

joints

25
Q

where else can you find hyaline cartilage and what is the surface texture

A

can be found in nose and ribcage, here it has a much rougher surface due to covering of perichondrium

26
Q

3 main muscle tissue groups

A

cardiac, skeletal and smooth

27
Q

structure and function of cardiac muscle

A

striated, single nucleus, involuntary, branches(intercalated discs), contraction- propelling blood into circulation

28
Q

structure and function of skeletal muscle

A

long, cylindrical, striated, multinuclei, voluntary, usually attached to bone- allowing movement of the body

29
Q

structure and function of smooth muscle

A

spindle shaped, single central nuclei, involuntary, non-striated, cells in close proximity to form sheets, propel substances- in slow and rhythmic process

30
Q

overall 5 functions of muscle tissue

A

heat production, movement, posture, regulate organ vol., moving substances

31
Q

overall 3 main functions of connective tissue

A

support, bind and protect

32
Q

overall 4 main structural features of cartilage

A

tough, flexible, rigid, contains no blood vessels or nerves

33
Q

overall 3 main places to find epithelial tissue

A

cover, lining and glands

34
Q

3 main structural components of the phospholipid bilayer

A

phospholipids, ion channels and cholesterol

35
Q

function of the nucleus

A

contains DNA

36
Q

function of the nucleolus

A

produce ribosomes

37
Q

function of ribosome

A

manufactures proteins

38
Q

function of rough ER

A

studded with mature ribosomes (protein factory)

39
Q

Function of smooth ER

A

lipid synthesis and detoxification

40
Q

function of golgi apparatus

A

process and package proteins

41
Q

function of mitochondria

A

energy production

42
Q

function of lysosome

A

destruction of debris and waste

43
Q

function of cytoskeleton

A

structural support and internal organisation

44
Q

define diffusion

A

process of molecules travelling from a high concentration to a low concentration via a semi-permeable membrane down the concentration gradient

45
Q

define osmosis

A

movement of water molecules (usually) travelling from a solution with a high number of water molecules to a solution with a lower number of water molecules via a semi-permeable membrane, down the concentration gradient.

46
Q

define facilitated diffusion

A

the movement of molecules from. high concentration to a low concentration via a plasma membrane with the assistance of ion channels and carriers, down the concentration gradient, requiring no energy

47
Q

define active transport

A

the active movement of cells from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration via a plasma membrane with the aid of carrier proteins, against the concentration gradient, requiring ENERGY

48
Q

what are the 2 types of cytosis

A

endocytosis- move into cell and exocytosis- move out of cell

49
Q

what is cytosis

A

the movement of lumps of cells - with the use of energy

50
Q

what is homeostasis

A

the boys ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment

51
Q

name a positive feedback loops for homeostasis

A

lactation- when suckling more milk is produced, take it further away from normal level (no milk)

52
Q

name a negative feedback loop in homeostasis

A

blood glucose- too high glucose stored as glycogen (insulin) , too low glycogen converted to glucose (glucagon)

53
Q

name the 2 respiration pathways

A

aerobic, anaerobic

54
Q

two phases of protein production and explain sequence

A

transcription- uses single stand of DNA as a template to build a molecule of MRNA and translation- MRNA then used and TRNA brings proteins to build second strand of DNA

heath science (19 decks)

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