basics

Question 1

what are the 4 main tissue types?

Answer 1

epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

Question 2

3 functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 2

secretion, absorption, protection, lubrication, filtration

Question 3

what are the 2 types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 3

smooth and stratified

Question 4

what are the further three categories of cell that make up smooth epithelial

Answer 4

squamous, cuboidal and columnar

Question 5

3 functions of squamous epithelial

Answer 5

filtration, secretion and lubrication

Question 6

2 functions of cuboidal epithelial

Answer 6

secretion and absorption

Question 7

3 functions of columnar epithelial

Answer 7

absorption, secretion and propelling

Question 8

where would you find squamous epithelial

Answer 8

alveoli and heart

Question 9

where would you find cuboidal epithelial

Answer 9

kidney and ovaries

Question 10

where would you find columnar epithelial

Answer 10

digestive tract

Question 11

what are the 4 many connective tissues

Answer 11

connective tissue proper, blood, bone and cartilage

Question 12

what are the 4 further subcategories for connective tissue proper

Answer 12

areolar tissue, dense regular, dense irregular and adipose tissue

Question 13

what 3 things are found in the structure of areolar tissue

Answer 13

collagen, elastic fibres, fibroblasts and ground substance

Question 14

where 3 things are found in the structure of dense regular connective tissue

Answer 14

wavy fibres, regularly aligned collagen, little bit of elastin and little bit of ground substance.

Question 15

what 2 things are found in the structure of dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 15

fibres in all directions, little bit of ground substance (VERY STRONG)

Question 16

3 thing found in the structure of adipose connective tissue

Answer 16

few structural fibres, adipocytes(90%), accumulating lipids, not much ground substance.

Question 17

list all 7 features making bone a connective tissue

Answer 17

lacunae, osteocytes, periosteum, lamella, osteons, Haversian Cannals and ground substance

Question 18

which 3 features allows blood to be classified as a connective tissue

Answer 18

plasma, RBC/WBC, soluble fibres ( fibrinogen- form fibrin for clotting)

Question 19

what are the 3 main types of cartilage

Answer 19

elastic, fibro and hyaline

Question 20

3 main functions and structure of fibre-cartilage

Answer 20

shock absorber, heavy duty and made up of thick and heavy collagen fibres

Question 21

where would you find fibro-cartilage

Answer 21

intervertebral discs and pubic synthesis ( front of pelvis)

Question 22

Elastic cartilage has a yellow tinge due to?

Answer 22

it being rich in elastic fibres

Question 23

where would you find elastic cartilage

Answer 23

ears and epiglottis

Question 24

hyaline cartilage has a smooth surface due to it being found primarily in what?

Answer 24

joints

Question 25

where else can you find hyaline cartilage and what is the surface texture

Answer 25

can be found in nose and ribcage, here it has a much rougher surface due to covering of perichondrium

Question 26

3 main muscle tissue groups

Answer 26

cardiac, skeletal and smooth

Question 27

structure and function of cardiac muscle

Answer 27

striated, single nucleus, involuntary, branches(intercalated discs), contraction- propelling blood into circulation

Question 28

structure and function of skeletal muscle

Answer 28

long, cylindrical, striated, multinuclei, voluntary, usually attached to bone- allowing movement of the body

Question 29

structure and function of smooth muscle

Answer 29

spindle shaped, single central nuclei, involuntary, non-striated, cells in close proximity to form sheets, propel substances- in slow and rhythmic process

Question 30

overall 5 functions of muscle tissue

Answer 30

heat production, movement, posture, regulate organ vol., moving substances

Question 31

overall 3 main functions of connective tissue

Answer 31

support, bind and protect

Question 32

overall 4 main structural features of cartilage

Answer 32

tough, flexible, rigid, contains no blood vessels or nerves

Question 33

overall 3 main places to find epithelial tissue

Answer 33

cover, lining and glands

Question 34

3 main structural components of the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 34

phospholipids, ion channels and cholesterol

Question 35

function of the nucleus

Answer 35

contains DNA

Question 36

function of the nucleolus

Answer 36

produce ribosomes

Question 37

function of ribosome

Answer 37

manufactures proteins

Question 38

function of rough ER

Answer 38

studded with mature ribosomes (protein factory)

Question 39

Function of smooth ER

Answer 39

lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 40

function of golgi apparatus

Answer 40

process and package proteins

Question 41

function of mitochondria

Answer 41

energy production

Question 42

function of lysosome

Answer 42

destruction of debris and waste

Question 43

function of cytoskeleton

Answer 43

structural support and internal organisation

Question 44

define diffusion

Answer 44

process of molecules travelling from a high concentration to a low concentration via a semi-permeable membrane down the concentration gradient

Question 45

define osmosis

Answer 45

movement of water molecules (usually) travelling from a solution with a high number of water molecules to a solution with a lower number of water molecules via a semi-permeable membrane, down the concentration gradient.

Question 46

define facilitated diffusion

Answer 46

the movement of molecules from. high concentration to a low concentration via a plasma membrane with the assistance of ion channels and carriers, down the concentration gradient, requiring no energy

Question 47

define active transport

Answer 47

the active movement of cells from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration via a plasma membrane with the aid of carrier proteins, against the concentration gradient, requiring ENERGY

Question 48

what are the 2 types of cytosis

Answer 48

endocytosis- move into cell and exocytosis- move out of cell

Question 49

what is cytosis

Answer 49

the movement of lumps of cells - with the use of energy

Question 50

what is homeostasis

Answer 50

the boys ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment

Question 51

name a positive feedback loops for homeostasis

Answer 51

lactation- when suckling more milk is produced, take it further away from normal level (no milk)

Question 52

name a negative feedback loop in homeostasis

Answer 52

blood glucose- too high glucose stored as glycogen (insulin) , too low glycogen converted to glucose (glucagon)

Question 53

name the 2 respiration pathways

Answer 53

aerobic, anaerobic

Question 54

two phases of protein production and explain sequence

Answer 54

transcription- uses single stand of DNA as a template to build a molecule of MRNA and translation- MRNA then used and TRNA brings proteins to build second strand of DNA