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reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

what is the name of the female sex cells

A

ova

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2
Q

what is the name of the male sex cell

A

spermatozoa

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3
Q

female genetic code

A

XX

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4
Q

male genetic code

A

XY

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5
Q

name the 3 organs in the male reproductive system

A

testes, scrotum, penis

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6
Q

name the 4 duct systems in male reproductive system

A

epididymus, vas deferens, ejaculating duct, urethra

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7
Q

name 3 accessory glands in males

A

seminal vesicles, prostate glands, bulbourethral gland

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8
Q

what are the 3 functions of male reproductive system

A

formation of sperm, produce hormones, transmission of sperm into female

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9
Q

how much term is produced in seminiferous tubules each day

A

30ml

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10
Q

where is sperm stored and how long is maturation

A

stored in epididymus for 20 days

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11
Q

what is the scrotum

A

sack of skin holding testes, external to body

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12
Q

what is the purpose of scrotum

A

help maintain constant temp, drawing testse closer to body if cold

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13
Q

role of penis

A

designed to deliver sperm into female reproductive system

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14
Q

structure of penis

A

root ( internal and shaft (external) and tip (glans), urethra runs down centre and forskin covers glans

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15
Q

how long is the epididymus

A

4cm long

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16
Q

what is the structure of epididymus

A

long coiled tube where sperm maturates

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17
Q

if sperm isn’t used in months what is the result

A

phagocytise by epithelial cells

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18
Q

what muscles are used during ejaculation

A

smooth muscle wall contacts in epididymus, ejaculatory duct, urethra

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19
Q

what is the ampulla of vas deferens

A

swollen area of tube

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20
Q

what does the ampulla join together

A

it joins vas deferens and ejaculatory duct

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21
Q

what does urethra carry

A

urine and semen

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22
Q

what else is also secreted into lumen before ejaculation

A

mucous

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23
Q

what do the 3 accessory gland do

A

produce most vol. of semen

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24
Q

where do you find seminal vesicle

A

lies behind bladder

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25
what is the seminal vesicle described as
little finger ( 5-7cm long)
26
secretion of vesicles account for what percentage of semen volume
70%
27
description of seminal fluid
yellowish, viscous fluid
28
name 3 of the 7 roles of seminal fluid
1. transport medium, 2. nutrition for sperm, 3. enhance motility, 4. causes semen coagulates, 5. decrease viscosity of cervical fluid, 6. neutralises acidic conditions in vagina, 7. induce contractions in Fallopian tubes
29
describe structure of prostate
doughnut shaped, size of chestnut
30
where is prostate located
below bladder
31
describe prostate secretions
milky, slightly acidiccontaing citrate (nutrition) and enzymes (fibrinolysis)
32
what % does prostate secretion make up of semen
30%
33
what is another name for the bulbourethral gland
cowpers gland
34
where do you find cowpers gland
located below prostate
35
how many cowpers glands are there
the are 2 (pea sized)
36
what is the function of the cowpers gland
secrets think clear mucous into urethra that neutralises acidic urine left in urethra before ejaculation
37
how much semen is propelled out and how many sperm would this contain
2-5ml ejaculated but contains 50-130 sperm per ml
38
how long does sperm live once inside vagina
survives fr 48 hours if reached Fallopian tubes and then is degenerated
39
what are the 4 functions of female reproductive system
formation of eggs, reception of sperm, provide suitable environment for fertilisation and foetal development, lactation and parturition
40
list the 5 structures of internal female reproductive system
ovaries, Fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, vagina
41
what 2 things do the ovaries produce
female sex hormones and ova (eggs)
42
what do the ovaries contain
many ovarian follicles at different stages of maturation
43
which 2 hormones stimulate follicle maturation
FSH and oestrogen
44
how many follicles mature and release in 1 month
1 follicle is matured and released.
45
what is another name of Fallopian tubes
oviducts
46
how long is each Fallopian tube
10cm
47
what is fimbriae
ciliated finger-like projections at ovarian end, the Cilla beat gentle guiding egg towards uterus
48
how many days does it take for egg to reach uterus and where is it fertilised
takes 5 days and fertilised in ampulla
49
what causes greater risk for ectopic pregnancy
blockage in tube preventing egg reaching uterus
50
where is the uterus found
in pelvic cavity
51
what are the 3 layers of wall of uterus
1. perimetrium- outer 2. myometrium-middle( circular, longitudinal, oblique muscle fibres) 3. endometrium- inner
52
what is a zygote
when and egg and sperm have fertilised
53
what are the stages of 1-5 in menstrual cycle (menstrual)
50-150ml blood lost endometrium shed to basal layer
54
what are stages of 4-13 in menstrual cycle (proliferation)
growth of endometrium spiral artenes tubular glands vascular mucosa receptor cells primed
55
what is the significance of day 14 in menstrual cycle
ovulation
56
stages of day 15-28 of menstrual cycle (secretory)
spiral arteries tortuous receptor cells secrete glycogen if no zygote- degenerative phase begins, auto digestive/blood supply cut
57
what are the 2 phases of ovarian cycle
1. follicular phase 2. luteal phase
58
what is the time phrase of follicular phase
from day 1 - day 14 (ovulation)
59
what is the time phrase of luteal phase
from day 14- day before menstruation(28)
60
what does fsh stand for
follicle stimulating hormone
61
what does lh stand for
luteinising hormone
62
what is the uterine cycle
changes in endometrium (uterus lining)
63
what are the 3 phases of uterine cycle
1. menstruation 2. proliferative 3. secretory
64
who long does menstrual phase of uterine cycle last
day 1-day 5
65
what is the time Frame of the proliferative phase
day 6- day 14
66
what happens in proliferative phase
blood vessels and glands regenerate due to increased amounts oestrogen
67
what days are the secretory phase from in uterine cycle
day 15-28
68
what happens in secretory phase if no fertilisation
progesterone levels decrease and lack of blood cause endometrium to begin to degenerate and menstrual phase begin
69
3 roles of FSH
stimulate GnRH, primarily stimulate maturation of ovarian follicle , secondarily stimulate production of oestrogen
70
name 2 hormones produced by anterior pituotary gland
fsh and lh
71
3 roles of lh
stimulate GnRH , primarily stimulate maturation of follicles and ovulation and secondarily stimulate production of oestrogen and progesterone
72
name 3 sources of oestrogen
developing follicles, corpus luteum, placenta ( after 6 weeks)
73
name 2 stimuli of oestrogen
FSH and LH
74
give 2 primary responses of oestrogen (4)
growth and maturation of reproductive organs+breasts, promote proliferative phase of uterine cycle, stimulate capcitaion of sperm, stimulate growth of uterus and mammatory glands in pregnancy
75
name 2 sources of progesterone
corpus lutuem and placenta (after 6 weeks pregnant)
76
name the stimulus of Progesterone
LH
77
name 4 primary responses of progesterone
facilitates growth of breasts promotes secretory phase in uterine cycle enhances ability of mammatory glands to produce milk increase body temp
78
what does HCG stand for
Human chronic gandotrophin
79
what is the role of HCG
maintain corpus luteum and corpus luteum atrophy
80
3 roles of oestrogen
myometrium hypertrophy, external genetalia enlargement and softening of pelvic ligaments
81
3 roles of progesterone
proliferation of endometrium, inhibition of uterine contractions development of alveoli in mammory glands
82
2 roles of prolactin
inhibits FSH and oestrogen release and milk production when oestrogen levels fall
83
1 role of relaxin
increase flexibility of tissues
84
1 role of oxytocin
uterine contractions during labour
85
5 stages of fertilisation-birth
1. zygote (fusion of gametes to 8 cells) 2. morula (clump of cells undergoing mitosis) 3. blastocyte (day4-day20 inner cell mass to bilaminar disc) 4. embryo (day21-day56 form sumites) 4. fetus (week 9- birth)
86
how is uterus nourished
by uterine secretions until placenta is formed
87
why does placenta secrete progesterone
to inhibit uterine contractions until levels of oestrogen and oxytocin rise at 40 weeks and contractions begin

heath science (19 decks)

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