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Paediatrics > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Give 4 signs of respiratory distress in infants/children

A
  • Tracheal tug
  • Recessions
  • Nasal flaring
  • Head bobbing
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2
Q

What is Harrison’s sulcus and what does it indicate?

A

Bilateral depression of chest wall present at costal margins where diaphragm inserts

Sign of chronic asthma

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3
Q

Give 4 differentials for an acute cough

A
  • Upper respiratory tract infection
  • Croup
  • Bronchiolitis
  • Acute exacerbation of asthma
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4
Q

Give 4 differentials for an chronic cough

A
  • Asthma
  • Infection
  • GORD
  • Cystic fibrosis
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5
Q

Give 3 differentials for acute stridor

A
  • Inhaled foreign body
  • Acute epiglottis
  • Croup
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6
Q

Which virus usually causes croup and give 2 symptoms

A

Parainfluenza virus

Hoarse voice and barking cough

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7
Q

How can croup be treated?

A

Oral Dexamethozone

Nebulised adrenaline if severe

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8
Q

Give 2 viral and 2 bacterial causes of pneumonia

A

V: RSV + influenza

B: S. pneumonia + Group B strep. (neonates)

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9
Q

What is bronchiolitis and what is the main causative virus?

A

Acute LRTI with inflammation of small airways mainly due to RSV

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10
Q

Give 4 signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis

A

Cough
Dyspnoea
Hyperinflation
Fine creps

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11
Q

Give 2 treatment options for bronchiolitis

A

02 if hypoxic

NG feeds

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12
Q

Give 4 triggers for asthma

A

Cold weather
Smoking
Exercise
Pets

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13
Q

Give 3 symptoms of asthma

A

SOB
Chest tightness
Wheeze

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14
Q

Briefly outline the 5 treatment steps in asthma

A
  1. SABA
  2. Preventer and ICS
  3. LABA, increase steriod
  4. LTRA
  5. Steroid tablet
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15
Q

Define cystic fibrosis

A

AR disorder, mutation in CFTR gene on chromosome 7

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16
Q

How do thickened secretions occur in CF?

A

CFTR should allow Cl ions out of mucosal cells into lumen but if defective = thickened secretions

17
Q

Give 5 possible complications/symptoms of CF

A
  1. Cough
  2. Nasal polyps
  3. Pancreatic insufficiency
  4. Liver cirrhosis
  5. Steatorrhoea
18
Q

How are newborns screened for CF?

A

Immunoreactive Trypsin on blood spot, if raised then blood sent for genetic testing

19
Q

What 3 things in children are indications for sweat testing and genetic investigations with regards to CF?

A

Meconium Ileus

Recurrent chest infections

FTT

20
Q

Give 4 management steps in CF

A
  1. Daily physio
  2. Prophylactic Fluclox.
  3. Creon
  4. Fat soluble vitamin supplements
21
Q

What is the management of an infective exacerbation of CF?

A

o Double dose of prophylactic ABX

o Planned 2nd line ABX

o May require admission for IV ABX

Paediatrics (18 decks)

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