Respiratory Flashcards
Give 4 signs of respiratory distress in infants/children
- Tracheal tug
- Recessions
- Nasal flaring
- Head bobbing
What is Harrison’s sulcus and what does it indicate?
Bilateral depression of chest wall present at costal margins where diaphragm inserts
Sign of chronic asthma
Give 4 differentials for an acute cough
- Upper respiratory tract infection
- Croup
- Bronchiolitis
- Acute exacerbation of asthma
Give 4 differentials for an chronic cough
- Asthma
- Infection
- GORD
- Cystic fibrosis
Give 3 differentials for acute stridor
- Inhaled foreign body
- Acute epiglottis
- Croup
Which virus usually causes croup and give 2 symptoms
Parainfluenza virus
Hoarse voice and barking cough
How can croup be treated?
Oral Dexamethozone
Nebulised adrenaline if severe
Give 2 viral and 2 bacterial causes of pneumonia
V: RSV + influenza
B: S. pneumonia + Group B strep. (neonates)
What is bronchiolitis and what is the main causative virus?
Acute LRTI with inflammation of small airways mainly due to RSV
Give 4 signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis
Cough
Dyspnoea
Hyperinflation
Fine creps
Give 2 treatment options for bronchiolitis
02 if hypoxic
NG feeds
Give 4 triggers for asthma
Cold weather
Smoking
Exercise
Pets
Give 3 symptoms of asthma
SOB
Chest tightness
Wheeze
Briefly outline the 5 treatment steps in asthma
- SABA
- Preventer and ICS
- LABA, increase steriod
- LTRA
- Steroid tablet
Define cystic fibrosis
AR disorder, mutation in CFTR gene on chromosome 7
How do thickened secretions occur in CF?
CFTR should allow Cl ions out of mucosal cells into lumen but if defective = thickened secretions
Give 5 possible complications/symptoms of CF
- Cough
- Nasal polyps
- Pancreatic insufficiency
- Liver cirrhosis
- Steatorrhoea
How are newborns screened for CF?
Immunoreactive Trypsin on blood spot, if raised then blood sent for genetic testing
What 3 things in children are indications for sweat testing and genetic investigations with regards to CF?
Meconium Ileus
Recurrent chest infections
FTT
Give 4 management steps in CF
- Daily physio
- Prophylactic Fluclox.
- Creon
- Fat soluble vitamin supplements
What is the management of an infective exacerbation of CF?
o Double dose of prophylactic ABX
o Planned 2nd line ABX
o May require admission for IV ABX
