Gastroenterology Flashcards
1
Q
Give 3 causes of hepatomegaly
A
- Infection
- Congestive cardiac failure
- Fat storage e.g. CF
2
Q
Give 3 causes of splenomegaly
A
- Malaria
- Haem: HS, sickle cell
- Thalassaemia
3
Q
Give 3 causes of hepatosplenomegaly
A
- Infection: EBV, CMV
- Portal hypertension
- Leukaemia/lymphoma
4
Q
What is the normal feeding amount for an infant?
A
150ml/kg/day
5
Q
Give 2 symptoms of GORD In infants
A
Vomiting
Distress
6
Q
Give 3 concerning symptoms of GORD in infants
A
- Apnoea
- FTT
- Aspiration pneumonia
7
Q
Give 3 causes of rectal bleeding
A
- Anal fissure
- Swallowed blood from epistaxis
- Gastroenteritis
- Acid ulceration
8
Q
Give 3 risks of IBD
A
- Fx
- Parental smoking
- Bottle feeding
9
Q
Give 3 causes of haematemesis
A
- Acute gastritis
- Bleeding disorders
- Swallowed blood
10
Q
Which test is highly sensitive and specific in Coeliac disease?
A
TTG-IGA
11
Q
Give 3 endoscopic signs of Coeliac disease
A
- Villous atrophy,
- Crypt hyperplasia
- Increased intraepithelial lymphocytes
12
Q
Give 4 causes of chronic diarrhoea
A
- Toddler’s diarrhoea
- Constipation with overflow
- Post infectious food intolerance
- IBD
13
Q
Give 4 causes of acute diarrhoea
A
- Infection: rotavirus, E coli, salmonella…
- Staphylococcal toxin in food poisoning
- Response to infection
- Starvation stools (watery, green mucous)
14
Q
Give 4 investigations for chronic diarrhoea
A
- Stool culture
- Bloods
- Faecal calprotectin
- Peri anal inspection
15
Q
Give 3 medical causes of acute abdominal pain
A
- Infection
- Constipation
- HPS
16
Q
Give 3 surgical causes of acute abdominal pain
A
- Acute appendicitis
- Intussusception
- Volvulus
17
Q
What is the main management of gastroenteritis?
A
Assess and treat dehydration (ORS or IV fluid)
