Cardiology Flashcards
What does the absence of femoral pulses in an infant indicate?
Coarctation of Aorta
What are heaves a sign of?
Ventricular volume overload
What do precordial thrills or suprastrenal thrills indicate?
Aortic stenosis
What is the significance of 3rd and 4th heart sounds in children?
3rd: Can be normal in some
4th: always abnormal
Name 4 things to describe when detailing a murmur
Timing (systolic/diastolic?)
Duration (ejection/pansystolic?)
Site (where is loudest)
Radiation
Give 3 indicators that a murmur is innocent
Asymptomatic
No thrill/heave
Soft systolic
Give 3 acyanotic congenital heart lesions
- VSD
- ASD
- Coarctation of aorta
Give 3 cyanotic congenital heart lesions
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Tricuspid atresia
- Pulmonary atresia
Give 3 general causes of cyanosis in children
- Respiratory
- Seizure
- CNS depression e.g. drugs
Give 2 heart conditions associated with Down’s syndrome
Atrioventricular septal defect
Tetralogy of Fallot
Give 2 heart conditions associated with Turner’s syndrome
Aortic stenosis
Coarctation of aorta
What is meant by a secundum ASD?
Middle part of atrial septum is affected
What is meant by a primum ASD?
lower part of septum is affected
How does an atrial septal defect usually present in children?
Asymptomatic with incidental murmur
What is the treatment of secundum ASD?
Transcatheter device closure
Surgical repair
How are small ventricular septal defects usually managed?
Most close spontaneously
How are large/unstable ventricular septal defects usually managed?
Repaired in 1st 6 months of life surgically
Give 3 management options if children show signs of heart failure
- Diuretics
- ACEI
- NG feeds
Which 2 conditions are associated with a patent ductus arteriosus?
Prematurity
Maternal rubella
Give 2 clinical signs of a patent ductus arteriosus
Bounding femoral pulses
Subclavicular murmur
How is a patent ductus arteriosus managed in preterm infants?
NSAIDS
Surgical ligation
How is a patent ductus arteriosus managed in older children?
Device occlusion by cardiac catheterisation
How may neonates with coarctation present?
Collapse
Cardiac failure
Absent femoral pulses
What is transposition of the great arteries?
Two separate circulations: mixing occurs at atrial level and arterial duct
In transposition of the great arteries, what is given to open the arterial duct?
Prostaglandin
What is the definitive treatment of transposition of the great arteries?
Arterial switch
What are the 4 components of tetralogy of Fallot?
- VSD
- Overriding aorta
- RV hypertrophy
- RV outflow tract obstruction
What is the most likely causative agent in infective endocarditis?
Strep. viridian’s
Give 4 features of infective endocarditis
Weight loss
Malaise
Arthralgia
Haematuria
What is the treatment of infective endocarditis?
IV ABX for at least 6 weeks
