Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the absence of femoral pulses in an infant indicate?

A

Coarctation of Aorta

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2
Q

What are heaves a sign of?

A

Ventricular volume overload

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3
Q

What do precordial thrills or suprastrenal thrills indicate?

A

Aortic stenosis

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4
Q

What is the significance of 3rd and 4th heart sounds in children?

A

3rd: Can be normal in some
4th: always abnormal

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5
Q

Name 4 things to describe when detailing a murmur

A

Timing (systolic/diastolic?)

Duration (ejection/pansystolic?)

Site (where is loudest)

Radiation

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6
Q

Give 3 indicators that a murmur is innocent

A

Asymptomatic
No thrill/heave
Soft systolic

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7
Q

Give 3 acyanotic congenital heart lesions

A
  • VSD
  • ASD
  • Coarctation of aorta
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8
Q

Give 3 cyanotic congenital heart lesions

A
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Tricuspid atresia
  • Pulmonary atresia
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9
Q

Give 3 general causes of cyanosis in children

A
  • Respiratory
  • Seizure
  • CNS depression e.g. drugs
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10
Q

Give 2 heart conditions associated with Down’s syndrome

A

Atrioventricular septal defect

Tetralogy of Fallot

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11
Q

Give 2 heart conditions associated with Turner’s syndrome

A

Aortic stenosis

Coarctation of aorta

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12
Q

What is meant by a secundum ASD?

A

Middle part of atrial septum is affected

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13
Q

What is meant by a primum ASD?

A

lower part of septum is affected

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14
Q

How does an atrial septal defect usually present in children?

A

Asymptomatic with incidental murmur

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15
Q

What is the treatment of secundum ASD?

A

Transcatheter device closure

Surgical repair

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16
Q

How are small ventricular septal defects usually managed?

A

Most close spontaneously

17
Q

How are large/unstable ventricular septal defects usually managed?

A

Repaired in 1st 6 months of life surgically

18
Q

Give 3 management options if children show signs of heart failure

A
  • Diuretics
  • ACEI
  • NG feeds
19
Q

Which 2 conditions are associated with a patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Prematurity

Maternal rubella

20
Q

Give 2 clinical signs of a patent ductus arteriosus

A

Bounding femoral pulses

Subclavicular murmur

21
Q

How is a patent ductus arteriosus managed in preterm infants?

A

NSAIDS

Surgical ligation

22
Q

How is a patent ductus arteriosus managed in older children?

A

Device occlusion by cardiac catheterisation

23
Q

How may neonates with coarctation present?

A

Collapse
Cardiac failure
Absent femoral pulses

24
Q

What is transposition of the great arteries?

A

Two separate circulations: mixing occurs at atrial level and arterial duct

25
In transposition of the great arteries, what is given to open the arterial duct?
Prostaglandin
26
What is the definitive treatment of transposition of the great arteries?
Arterial switch
27
What are the 4 components of tetralogy of Fallot?
- VSD - Overriding aorta - RV hypertrophy - RV outflow tract obstruction
28
What is the most likely causative agent in infective endocarditis?
Strep. viridian's
29
Give 4 features of infective endocarditis
Weight loss Malaise Arthralgia Haematuria
30
What is the treatment of infective endocarditis?
IV ABX for at least 6 weeks