Dermatology Flashcards
Briefly outline the pathophysiology of eczema
Filaggrin mutation which forms part of stratum corneum
Trans-epidermal water loss = dry skin prone to penetration
Give 3 general aims of eczema treatment
Improve barrier
Avoid irritants
Reduce itch
What is Irritant contact napkin dermatitis?
Moisture and friction disrupt skin barrier allowing irritation from faeces and urine
How does Irritant contact napkin dermatitis present?
Glazed erythema that spares skin folds and can wrinkle and scale while it resolves
Give 3 management methods for Irritant contact napkin dermatitis
Frequent nappy changes
Avoid soap and wipes
Greasy emollient
What is vulvitis?
Itch, erythema and discharge in pre-pubertal girls
How does discoid eczema present?
Demarcated plaques often crusted and weeping due to bacterial infection
Give 2 management options for discoid eczema
Emollient
Potent steroid
What is lip lick dermatitis?
Peri-oral eczema caused by drying of lips
What is pityriasis alba?
Hypopigmentation with dry skin on cheeks mainly seen in coloured skin
What is Juvenile Plantar Dermatosis?
- Plantar surface of anterior 1/3 of foot erythematous, hyperkeratotic and fissuring mainly due to sweating
Give 3 management options for Juvenile Plantar Dermatosis
Avoid tight shoes
Aluminium hydrochloride powder
Urea emollients
What are the main principles of HSV infection in children?
Periorbital involvement treated with acyclovir and eyes checked for corneal involvement
What is impetigo and how does it present?
Staph. aureus infection with honey coloured crusts which may become bullous
How is impetigo treated?
Topical/oral flucloxacillin
What are Molluscum Contagiosum?
Small pearly papules affecting 4-9 y/o caused by DNA Pox virus
Give 4 places in which scabies may burrow in children
Soles of feet
Axilla
Groin
Penis
What is Tinea Capatis?
Fungal infection causing - diffuse scale to patchy alopecia with black dots or pustules associated with lymphadenopathy
What is the name of yellowish white pinpoint lesions around nose of newborns?
Sebaceous Hyperplasia
What are Milia?
Discrete whiteish yellow papules on chin, cheeks and forehead
What are the two types of militia?
Miliaria Crystalina: superficial duct obstruction
Miliaria Rubra: erythematous papules
What is Mongolian Spot?
Lower back/sacrum of neonates due to deep dermal melanocytes
What is epidermal navei?
Linear plaques on warty pigmented skin along Blaschkos lines
When do infantile haemoangioma’s develop?
First 6 weeks of life
What is Port Wine stain? (capillary malformations)
Present at birth and bright red but fade over time
What can Port wine stains be part of the triad of?
Sturge Webber syndrome
Define urticaria
Itchy hives and plaques and surrounding erythema
How long does acute urticaria last?
Less than 6-8 weeks
Give 4 general triggers of acute urticaria
Infection
Infestation
Injection
Inhalation
What is the treatment of chronic urticaria?
Chlorpheniramine <6 months + long-acting antihistamine if > 6 months
