Adolescence

Question 1

What are the signs of early adolescence in females?

Answer 1

Breast buds and pubic hair

Question 2

What is a sign of early adolescence in males?

Answer 2

Testicular enlargement

Question 3

Give 2 signs of mid adolescence in females

Answer 3

Menarche

End of growth spurt

Question 4

Give 2 signs of mid adolescence in males

Answer 4

Start of growth spurt

Voice breaks

Question 5

What does the HEADS history taking model stand for?

Answer 5

Home 
Education
Activities 
Driving, drinking, drugs 
Smoking, sex, suicide

Question 6

Which two hormones are responsible for increasing growth hormone secretion during puberty?

Answer 6

Testosterone and oestradiol

Question 7

Around which ages does breast development occur?

Answer 7

8-12 years old

Question 8

When do females grow pubic hair and have a growth spurt?

Answer 8

Immediately after breast development

Question 9

How long after the start of puberty does menarche begin?

Answer 9

2 and a half years

Question 10

At which age do boys begin to grow pubic hair?

Answer 10

10-14 years old after testicle growth

Question 11

In males, what testicular volume corresponds with a height spurt?

Answer 11

12-15ml

Question 12

Define delayed puberty

Answer 12

Absence of pubertal development by age 14 in girls and 15 in boys

Question 13

Give 2 causes of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism (primary)

Answer 13

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Gonadal trauma

Question 14

Give 2 causes of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (secondary)

Answer 14

Hypothalamo-pituitary (Kallman’s syndrome)

Systemic disease (anorexia)

Question 15

What is the treatment for constitutional delay in puberty?

Answer 15

Nothing, will resolve alone

Question 16

What treatment for delayed puberty can be given to younger boys?

Answer 16

Oral Oxandrolone

Question 17

What treatment for delayed puberty can be given to older boys?

Answer 17

Low dose IM testosterone

Question 18

What treatment for delayed puberty can be given to girls?

Answer 18

Oestradiol

Question 19

Give 3 risks of STIs in adolescence

Answer 19

Avoiding barrier contraception

Multiple partners

Mental illness

Question 20

Give 3 risks of substance misuse in adolescence

Answer 20

Poor parenting
Peer pressure
Early substance misuse experience

Question 21

Give 3 acute effects of substance misuse

Answer 21

Pupillary changes
Agitation
Reduced consciousness

Question 22

Give 3 chronic effects of substance misuse

Answer 22

Emotional changes
Social difficulties
Poor school attendance

Question 23

Give 3 areas of health promotion to young people

Answer 23

Anti-social behaviour
Health risk behaviours
Mental health