Community, CP and Public Health Flashcards
Define developmental impairment
Arrest or incomplete development of the mind, especially characterised by impairment of skills
Give 2 prenatal causes of developmental impairment
- Down’s syndrome
- PKU
Give 2 perinatal causes of developmental impairment
- Intravascular haemorrhage
- Hypoxic Ischaemia
Give 2 postnatal causes of developmental impairment
- Post cranial radiotherapy
- Acquired brain injury
What is the difference between global delay and specific delay?
Global: impairment in 2 or more domains
Specific: impairment in 1 domain
Give 6 red flags which prompt urgent referral in terms of developmental impairment
- Regression
- Hearing loss
- Suspected cerebral palsy
- No speech by 18 months
- Can’t sit alone by 12 months
- Complex disability
Give 3 causes of gross motor delay
- DMD
- Cerebral palsy
- Stroke
Give 3 causes of speech delay
- Familiar
- Hearing impairment
- ASD
Which 3 areas does a child with Autism have impairments of?
Social interaction
Social communication
Repetitive/ritualised behaviour
Give 3 presenting features of ASD
Poor eye contact
Restricted behaviours
No interest in interactions with others
How is Down’s syndrome diagnosed postnatally?
Neonatal unit blood test with results in 24 hours
Define cerebral palsy
Umbrella term for central (brain) motor deficit, non-progressive and caused in early life
Give 3 management steps in cerebral palsy
- Refer to SALT
- Consider gastrostomy if recurrent aspiration
- Medical and physio management of spasticity/dyskinesia
Define nocturnal enuresis
Involuntary wetting during sleep, without frequency or pathophysiology at least 2x a week in children over the age of 5
What is the difference between primary and secondary nocturnal enuresis?
P: never achieved sustained continence
S: previously dry at night for over 6 months
Give 2 causes of primary nocturnal enuresis with daytime symptoms
- Overactive bladder
- Chronic constipation
Give 2 causes of primary nocturnal enuresis without daytime symptoms
- Lack of sleep arousal
- Polyuria
Give 2 causes of secondary nocturnal enuresis
- Diabetes
- UTI
Give 2 management steps for nocturnal enuresis
Advise on fluid intake
Use of alarm
Define constipation
Frequency of stools <4 per week (Bristol stool type/4)
Give 3 management options for constipation
- Delayed meconium passage, refer to surgeons
- Encourage good bowel habit
- Movicol
Which 5 conditions does Guthrie heel prick test look for and when is it carried out
5 days old:
- PKU
- Congenital hypothyroidism
- Cystic fibrosis
- Sickle cell disease
- MCADD
At what ages are the 3 DTaP/IVP/Hib immunisations given?
8 weeks
3 months
4 months
At what ages are the MMR and it’s booster vaccine given?
13 months
3.5 years old
When is the second baby check carried out and by who?
8 weeks old at GP
Name the four categories of child abuse
Physical
Emotional
Sexual
Neglect
Name 4 common sites for NAI
Cheeks
Ears
Eyes
Neck
What type of fractures in infants are highly suspicious of abuse?
Rib fractures
Give 4 signs of neglect
Dirty clothes
Head lice
Nappy rash
Poor dentition
Name 3 things which would prompt a child protection investigation
- Disclosure by child
- Concern from carer
- Change in behaviour
