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Paediatrics > Nephrology > Flashcards

Nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5Fs of abdominal distension

A 
Fat
Fluid
Faeces
Flatus 
Foetus
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2
Q

Give two causes of a unilateral kidney mass

A

Multicystic kidney

Wilms’ tumour

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3
Q

Give two causes of a bilateral kidney mass

A

AR polycystic kidneys

Renal vein thrombosis

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4
Q

Give 4 functions of the kidneys

A
  1. Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
  2. Excretion of waste and drugs
  3. Vit. D, erythropoietin, Renin and prostaglandin
  4. Acid-base homeostasis
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5
Q

Give 3 causes of oedema

A
  • Heart failure
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Liver failure
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6
Q

Give 3 causes of proteinuria

A

Glomerular disease
Tubular
Congestive HF

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7
Q

What are the 3 features of nephrotic syndrome?

A
  • Proteinuria > 1g/m2/day
  • Hypoalbuminemia (<25g/L)
  • Oedema
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8
Q

Give 3 classifications of nephrotic syndrome and a cause for each

A

Idiopathic: minimal change

Secondary: HSP

Congenital

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9
Q

What is the main treatment for nephrotic syndrome?

A

High dose prednisolone

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10
Q

give 4 non-glomerular causes of haematuria

A
  • Infection
  • Trauma
  • Stones
  • Sickle cell disease
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11
Q

Give 2 glomerular causes of haematuria

A

Glomerulonephritis

IgA nephropathy

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12
Q

What constitutes hypertension in children?

A

BP consistently >95th% for age and gender or height

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13
Q

Give 3 causes of incomplete bladder emptying leading to UTI

A
  • Infrequent voiding
  • Vulvitis
  • Constipation
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14
Q

Give 4 symptoms of a UTI in infancy

A

Fever
Vomiting
FTT
Poor feeding

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15
Q

Give 4 symptoms of a UTI in children

A

Dysuria
Frequency
Abdominal pain
Fever

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16
Q

What should be done in suspected UTI <3 months?

A

Urgent microscopy and culture

17
Q

Which 2 dipstick results should be cultured and treated as a UTI?

A

 Nitrite and leukocyte +

 Nitrite +/leukocyte -

18
Q

What is the gold standard investigation for UTI?

A

MSSU for culture and sensitivity

19
Q

What is the UTI treatment for those <3 months?

A

IB ABX

20
Q

Give 4 methods of urine collection

A
  • MSSU
  • Catheter specimen
  • Suprapubic aspiration
  • Urine bag
21
Q

Define acute renal failure

A

Sudden reduction in renal function, oliguria <0.5ml/kg/hr

22
Q

Give one pre-renal, renal and post-renal cause of acute renal failure

A

Pre: hypovolaemia

Ren: Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Post: Urinary obstruction

23
Q

Give 5 indications for dialysis

A
  • Severe hyperkalaemia
  • Severe volume overload
  • Symptomatic uraemia
  • Severe metabolic acidosis
  • Removal of toxins
24
Q

What is a DMSA?

A

Static scan to delineate divided function of kidneys, shows scars

25
Q

What is a DTPA?

A

Dynamic scan, assessment of drainage and obstruction

26
Q

What is a MCUG?

A

Micturating Cystourethrogram: for vesicoureteric reflux, bladder outline

Paediatrics (18 decks)

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