Respiration Physiology Flashcards
what is the goal of respiration?
getting O2 to blood and getting rid of CO2 waste
Adults have about ____ to ___ respiratory cycles/min
12-18
1 inspiration + 1 expiration = 1 ___
cycle of respiration
Tidal respiration = ____ mL (___ L) of air each cycle
500; 1/2
Term for volume of air involved in 1 min of respiration
Minute volume
In the respiratory cycle, the movement of air into lungs is called ___
Ventilation
young children breathe __-__x more than adults because their lungs completely fill their thorax
2-3
Alveoli growth increases until age __, when there are __ million alveoli (adult amount)
8; 300
The lungs primarily grow because the ___ grows faster and stretches them
rib cage
air in an adult’s lungs that can’t be expelled
Residual volume (RV)
Respiration rates on the upper side of adult amount (18) at age __
10
1 mL = ___ cubic centimenter
1
volume of air exchanged during one unconscious cycle of respiration
Tidal volume (TV)
volume of air that can be inhaled after tidal inspiration
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
In physiology, it’s not inhaling, it’s
inspiration
In physiology, it’s not exhaling, it’s
expiration
volume of air that can be expired following passive, tidal expiration
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
another name for expiratory reserve volume
Resting Lung Volume
part of residual volume, specifically the stuff within passageways that can’t be involved in gas exchange
Dead space air
volume of air that can be inhaled after max exhale
Vital capacity (VC)
IRV + TV + ERV =
VC
volume of air in body at end of passive exhalation
Functional reserve capacity (FRC)
Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is the sum of ___
inspiratory reserve, tidal volume, expir. reserve vol, and resid vol
max insp. volume possible after tidal expiration
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
IRV is short for
inspiratory reserve volume
TV is short for
tidal volume
ERV is short for
expiratory reserve volume
RV is short for
residual volume
IC is short for
inspiratory capacity
FRC is short for
functional residual capacity
VC is short for
vital capacity
TLC is short for
total lung capacity
average vital capacity for adult
4 L
average total lung capacity for an adult
5 L
As people pass middle age, their ability to ____ decreases
inspire
___ increases as a person goes through their adult life
RV
Vital capacity starts to decline gradually after age __
25
5 pressures of respiratory system
Alveolar
Intrapleural
Subglottal
Intraoral
Atmospheric
pressure exerted by weight of atmosphere
Atmospheric pressure
pressure measured at level of alveolus in lung
Alveolar/pulmonic pressure
During normal breathing, __, __ and __ pressures are the same
alveolar, intraoral and subglottal
pressure in pleural cavity
Intrapleural pressure
___ pressure is negative throughout respiration
intrapleural
As a person breathes in, the pressure in their bodies become ____ relative to the atmospheric pressure
negative
During quiet tidal respiration, P(al) = ___ on inspiration and ___ on expiration
-2 cm H2O; +2 cm H2O
Intrapleural pressure __ on inhale, __ on exhale
Decreases; increases
When vocal folds close, it results in an _____ in subglottal pressure, and a ____ in intraoral pressure
increase; decrease
Transglottal pressure has to get higher than __ cm H2O for phonation to happen
3-5
using muscles of inspiration to prevent exhaling as quickly has you would normally
Checking action
what are the four stages of ventilation
1) pulmonary ventilation
2) external respiration
3) transportation
4) internal respiration
O2 and CO2 exchanged between lungs and blood at alveoli is called
external respiration
In respiration, the movement of O2 and CO2 in blood is called
transportation
CO2 and O2 exchanged in systemic blood vessels and tissue is stage called
internal respiration
how does elasticity help return body to normal state in respiration?
lungs will naturally want to go back to normal state
how does torque help return body to normal state in respiration?
twisting of ribs - torque wants to bring it back
how does gravity help in respiration
gravity is pulling abdominal viscera down (helps with inspiration), and rib cage down (aids in expiration)
what is COPD?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
In speech breathing, we use about ___ of VC when inhaling and ___ of VC when exhaling
40%, 60%
Three common causes of COPD
1) emphysema
2) chronic bronchitis
3) asthma
When internal pressure > atmospheric pressure, that pressure is ___
positive
When internal pressure < atmospheric pressure, that pressure is ___
negative
in lung measurements, something that is a ___ is a single section of air
volume
in lung measurements, something that is a ____ is a combination of air sections
capacity
