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A&P of Speech and Hearing > Phonation Physio > Flashcards

Phonation Physio Flashcards

1
Q

process of capturing air in thorax to provide muscles with a structure ot push or pull

A

Abdominal fixation

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2
Q

what is the primary function of the larynx?

A

protect the airway

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3
Q

the perceptual (psychological) correlation of frequency of vibration

A

Pitch

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4
Q

of cycles of vibration per second

A

Frequency

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5
Q

frequency is determined by these four factors

A

elasticity
stiffness
mass
inertia

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6
Q

“Given constant volume of flow of air/fluid, at point of constriction there is decrease in pressure perpendicular to flow and increase in velocity of flow”

A

Bernoulli principle

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7
Q

Frequency of vibration of vocal folds is called

A

fundamental frequency

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8
Q

a sound’s intensity is also called its

A

amplitude

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9
Q

degree to which waveform deviates from zero line

A

amplitude

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10
Q

first adduction of vocal folds over a moving airstream

A

Vocal Attack

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11
Q

process of abducting VF to stop phonation

A

Termination of phonation

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12
Q

phonation that continues for long durations due to tonic contraction of VF adductors

A

Sustained phonation

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13
Q

Three types of vocal attacks

A

1) simultaneous
2) breathy
3) hard/glottal

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14
Q

Primary arytenoid mvt for adduction

A

inward rocking

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15
Q

differences in mode of vibration of vocal folds are defined by

A

Registers

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16
Q

how long a person can sustain a sound is called

A

maximum phonation

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17
Q

Differences in registers come from these three factors

A

Laryngeal tension, medial compression and subglottal pressure

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18
Q

Normally phonation requires _____ cm H20, but for pulse register it requires ____

A

3-5; 2

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19
Q

Four vocal registers

A

Pulse/glottal
Modal
Falsetto
Whistle

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

In this register, there is no vocal fold contact; the sound comes from turbulence

A

whistle

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22
Q

Two variations of modal register

A

Pressed
Breathy

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23
Q

In this type of modal speaking, the medial part of the VFs are compressed and the sound is louder

A

pressed

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24
Q

In this type of modal speaking, there is inadequate closure, leading to an airy sound

A

Breathy

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25
Q

The switch from modal to falsetto happens in this Hertz range

A

300-600 (D4-D5)

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26
Q

VF vibration most appropriate/efficient for an individual

A

Optimal pitch

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27
Q

VF vibration a person usually uses is called

A

habitual pitch

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28
Q

_____’s VF experience a growth spurt during puberty

A

everyone’s

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29
Q

In adult males fundamental frequency increases after age __

A

50

30
Q

three changeable elements of VF that determine pitch

A

tension, length and mass/unit (via spreading or contracting)

31
Q

VF lengthening happens because the ____ contracts and tilts the thyroid ____, which elongates VF, and the ____ fine-tunes the adjustment

A

CT muscle; down; thyrovocalis

32
Q

These three muscles are involved in raising pitch

A

CT, posterior CA, thyrovocalis

33
Q

The thyrovocalis is an antagonist for the ___ muscle, and the ___ is the antagonist for the thyrovocalis muscle

A

CT; posterior CA

34
Q

This muscle is responsible for shortening and thickening the vocal folds

A

thyromuscularis

35
Q

The __ and __ __lengthen (tense) the VF and __ muscle increases medial contact of folds

A

CT, posterior CA; TA

36
Q

psychological perception of intensity

A

loudness

37
Q

sound pressure level associated with given speech production

A

Vocal intensity

38
Q

in order to increase vocal intensity, have to increase ____ ____ and ____ ____of the vocal folds

A

SG pressure; medial compression

39
Q

three parts of VF vibratory cycle

A

opening
closing
closed

40
Q

when vocal intensity increases, the opening phase ____ to about ___%

A

decreases; 33%

41
Q

when vocal intensity increases, the cllosed phase ____ to about ___%

A

increases; 33

42
Q

cycle-by-cycle variation in fundamental frequency of vibration

A

Vocal jitter

43
Q

what are the six elements of prosody?

A

Pitch
Intonation
Loudness
Stress
Duration
Rhythm

44
Q

the system of stress used to vary meaning

A

Prosody

45
Q

another name for monotone

A

monopitch

46
Q

a name for unvarying loudness

A

monoloud

47
Q

two current theories of phonation

A

1) myoelastic-aerodynamic theory
2) cover body theory

47
Q

who championed the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory of phonation?

A

Van den Berg

48
Q

who championed the cover body theory of phonation?

A

Hirano, Kakita, Titze

49
Q

name the theory of phonation:

vibration depends of elasticity of muscles and aerodynamics, as well as the bernoulli principle

A

myoelastic-aerodynamic theory

50
Q

name the theory of phonation:

the VF can create complex and nuanced sounds because of the interaction between the ___ (mucous layers) and ___ (ILP, DLP, TV muscle)

A

cover body

51
Q

complete loss of voice

A

aphonia

52
Q

perception of two pitches in voicing

A

Diplophonia

53
Q

reduction in any vocal function

A

Dysphonia

54
Q

spreading of cancerous cells

A

Metastasis

55
Q

complete loss of function due to neurological lesion

A

Paralysis

56
Q

partial loss of muscle function due to neurological lesion

A

Paresis

57
Q

clinical name for harsh voice

A

stridor

58
Q

clinical name for swallowing disorder

A

dysphagia

59
Q

pain during swallowing is called

A

Odynophagia

60
Q

most instances of vocal trauma come from

A

motor vehicle accidents

61
Q

benign or cancerous growths are called

A

Neoplasms

62
Q

what are six symptoms of vocal nodules?

A

Hoarseness
Breathiness
Harsh phonation
Pain
Loss of range/endurance
Easily fatigue

63
Q

medical name of laryngeal cancer

A

carcinoma

64
Q

another name for vocal variability in loudness is vocal ___

A

shimmer

65
Q

this neoplasm is like a vocal callus

A

nodule

66
Q

vocal nodules usually show up on the ___ part of the VF

A

anterior 2/3

67
Q

cause of vocal nodules

A

usually vocal abuse/excessive force

68
Q

this neoplasm is a soft, fluid-filled sack that can either be on a stalk or directly attached to VF

A

polyp

69
Q

this neoplasm can sometimes come from a single event

A

polyp

70
Q

vocal polyps usually show up on the ___ part of the VF

A

anterior 2/3, inner margin

A&P of Speech and Hearing (8 decks)

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