Phonation Physio Flashcards
process of capturing air in thorax to provide muscles with a structure ot push or pull
Abdominal fixation
what is the primary function of the larynx?
protect the airway
the perceptual (psychological) correlation of frequency of vibration
Pitch
of cycles of vibration per second
Frequency
frequency is determined by these four factors
Mise (as in meeseeks)
elasticity
stiffness
mass
inertia
“Given constant volume of flow of air/fluid, at point of constriction there is decrease in pressure perpendicular to flow and increase in velocity of flow”
Bernoulli principle
Frequency of vibration of vocal folds is called
fundamental frequency
a sound’s intensity is also called its
amplitude
degree to which waveform deviates from zero line
amplitude
first adduction of vocal folds over a moving airstream
Vocal Attack
process of abducting VF to stop phonation
Termination of phonation
phonation that continues for long durations due to tonic contraction of VF adductors
Sustained phonation
Three types of vocal attacks
1) simultaneous
2) breathy
3) hard/glottal
Primary arytenoid mvt for adduction
inward rocking
differences in mode of vibration of vocal folds called
Registers
how long a person can sustain a sound is called
maximum phonation
Differences in registers come from these three factors
Laryngeal tension, medial compression and subglottal pressure
Normally phonation requires _____ cm H20, but for pulse register it requires ____
3-5; 2
Four vocal registers
Pulse/glottal
Modal
Falsetto
Whistle
In this register, there is no vocal fold contact; the sound comes from turbulence
whistle
Two variations of modal register
Pressed
Breathy
In this type of modal speaking, the medial part of the VFs are compressed and the sound is louder
pressed
In this type of modal speaking, there is inadequate closure, leading to an airy sound
Breathy
The switch from modal to falsetto happens in this Hertz range
300-600 (D4-D5)
VF vibration most appropriate/efficient for an individual
Optimal pitch
VF vibration a person usually uses is called
habitual pitch
_____’s VF experience a growth spurt during puberty
everyone’s
In adult males fundamental frequency increases after age __
50
three changeable elements of VF that determine pitch
tension, length and mass/unit (via spreading or contracting)
VF lengthening happens because the ____ contracts and tilts the thyroid ____, which elongates VF, and the ____ fine-tunes the adjustment
CT muscle; down; thyrovocalis
These three muscles are involved in raising pitch
CT, posterior CA, thyrovocalis
The thyrovocalis is an antagonist for the ___ muscle, and the ___ is the antagonist for the thyrovocalis muscle
CT; posterior CA
This muscle is responsible for shortening and thickening the vocal folds
thyromuscularis
The __ and __ __lengthen (tense) the VF and __ muscle increases medial contact of folds
CT, posterior CA; TA
psychological perception of intensity
loudness
sound pressure level associated with given speech production
Vocal intensity
in order to increase vocal intensity, have to increase ____ ____ and ____ ____of the vocal folds
SG pressure; medial compression
three parts of VF vibratory cycle
opening
closing
closed
when vocal intensity increases, the opening phase ____ to about ___%
decreases; 33%
when vocal intensity increases, the closed phase ____ to about ___%
increases; 33
cycle-by-cycle variation in fundamental frequency of vibration
Vocal jitter
what are the six elements of prosody?
SLID RP
Pitch
Intonation
Loudness
Stress
Duration
Rhythm
the system of stress used to vary meaning
Prosody
another name for monotone
monopitch
a name for unvarying loudness
monoloud
two current theories of phonation
1) myoelastic-aerodynamic theory
2) cover body theory
who championed the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory of phonation?
Van den Berg
who championed the cover body theory of phonation?
Hirano, Kakita, Titze
name the theory of phonation:
vibration depends of elasticity of muscles and aerodynamics, as well as the bernoulli principle
myoelastic-aerodynamic theory
name the theory of phonation:
the VF can create complex and nuanced sounds because of the interaction between the ___ (mucous layers) and ___ (ILP, DLP, TV muscle)
cover body
complete loss of voice
aphonia
perception of two pitches in voicing
Diplophonia
reduction in any vocal function
Dysphonia
spreading of cancerous cells
Metastasis
complete loss of function due to neurological lesion
Paralysis
partial loss of muscle function due to neurological lesion
Paresis
clinical name for harsh voice
stridor
clinical name for swallowing disorder
dysphagia
pain during swallowing is called
Odynophagia
most instances of vocal trauma come from
motor vehicle accidents
benign or cancerous growths are called
Neoplasms
what are six symptoms of vocal nodules?
Hoarseness
Breathiness
Harsh phonation
Pain
Loss of range/endurance
Easily fatigue
medical name of laryngeal cancer
carcinoma
another name for vocal variability in loudness is vocal ___
shimmer
this neoplasm is like a vocal callus
nodule
vocal nodules usually show up on the ___ part of the VF
anterior 2/3
cause of vocal nodules
usually vocal abuse/excessive force
this neoplasm is a soft, fluid-filled sack that can either be on a stalk or directly attached to VF
polyp
this neoplasm can sometimes come from a single event
polyp
vocal polyps usually show up on the ___ part of the VF
anterior 2/3, inner margin
