Articulation and Resonance Flashcards
failure of soft palate to close during speech, resulting in hypernasality
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
x-ray of movement
Cineradiography
putting sensors on palate to record tongue movement
Electropalatography
sEMG; putting electrodes on skin surface, reading muscle mvt
Electromyography
Four common tools used in articulation analysis
sEMG
Nasometer
Phemotachograph
Spectrogram
Four main articulators
Lips
Jaw
Tongue
Velum
nasality of a sound bleeding over into another
Nasal assimilation
If the velum can’t close, it can affect sounds that require high pressure, such as __ or __ consonants
stop; fricative
Motor system of newborn governed by
protective reflexes
Four elements of basic motor control infants encounter that support speech development
Gravity
Flexor-extensor balance
Trunk control
Differentiation
In what two ways does gravity help speech development?
-Combined with parent’s carrying baby = stimulates vestibular system
-muscle tone develops with gravity taken into account
These two elements helps infants to sit up and stand, which makes talking easier
flexor-extensor; trunk control
The infant differentiating between tongue, jaw, and parts of tongue helps them to make more and more ___ sounds
complex
What happens to a child’s nasopharynx as they grow into adulthood?
enlarges and becomes more angled
What happens to a child’s pharynx and oral cavity as they grow into adulthood?
grow in size
What happens to a child’s tongue as they grow into adulthood?
drops and grows
A child’s tongue is 75% the size of an adult’s by age __
7
Vocal tract is __-__ cm at birth and __-__ cm as adult
6-8; 15-18
1st 2 years, hard palate grows by __ cm, SP grows by __ cm, jaw grows by __ cm
1; 0.5; 2
the thought that inspires the speech process
Proposition
articulatory theory that there’s a master control system that controls all movement, sensory system gives feedback
Central control theory
articulatory theory where muscle groups work as a unit to achieve a movement path (trajectory) and adapt to unique conditions
dynamic action theory models
articulatory theory: to do a sound, have to link series of actions together in an order
associated chain
weakness of associated chain theory
Doesn’t account for coarticulation and dynamism of speech
weakness of central control theory
Doesn’t account for articulatory variability
articulatory theory that utilizes auditory feedback and feedforward as dominant input
DIVA
palatal lift
palatal obturator
this can be installed when velopharynx having trouble; hypernasality and reduced pressure for pressurized consonants
palatal lift
this can be use in cases of cleft palates and palate removal
palatal obturator
two types of structural pathologies in dentition
traumatic and developmental
Three types of structural pathologies in tongue
disease
trauma
developmental
two developmental problems that can affect jaw/maxillae
jaw too short (retrognathia)
jaw too advanced (prognathic mandible)
definition congenital
from birth (can be genes or other)
Cleft palates can also include clefts in these areas
lips, velum
Surgeries for clefts can usually be completed by the time the child is
2
disease where muscles strong and brain knows what we need to do but muscles don’t coordinate accurately
apraxia
neurodegenerative disease - motor neurons decay over time
ALS (Lou Gehrig)
