Articulation and Resonance

Question 1

failure of soft palate to close during speech, resulting in hypernasality

Answer 1

Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

Question 2

x-ray of movement

Answer 2

Cineradiography

Question 3

putting sensors on palate to record tongue movement

Answer 3

Electropalatography

Question 4

sEMG; putting electrodes on skin surface, reading muscle mvt

Answer 4

Electromyography

Question 5

Four common tools used in articulation analysis

Answer 5

sEMG
Nasometer
Phemotachograph
Spectrogram

Question 6

Four main articulators

Answer 6

Lips
Jaw
Tongue
Velum

Question 7

nasality of a sound bleeding over into another

Answer 7

Nasal assimilation

Question 8

If the velum can’t close, it can affect sounds that require high pressure, such as __ or __ consonants

Answer 8

stop; fricative

Question 9

Motor system of newborn governed by

Answer 9

protective reflexes

Question 10

Four elements of basic motor control infants encounter that support speech development

Answer 10

Gravity
Flexor-extensor balance
Trunk control
Differentiation

Question 11

In what two ways does gravity help speech development?

Answer 11

-Combined with parent’s carrying baby = stimulates vestibular system
-muscle tone develops with gravity taken into account

Question 12

These two elements helps infants to sit up and stand, which makes talking easier

Answer 12

flexor-extensor; trunk control

Question 13

The infant differentiating between tongue, jaw, and parts of tongue helps them to make more and more ___ sounds

Answer 13

complex

Question 14

What happens to a child’s nasopharynx as they grow into adulthood?

Answer 14

enlarges and becomes more angled

Question 15

What happens to a child’s pharynx and oral cavity as they grow into adulthood?

Answer 15

grow in size

Question 16

What happens to a child’s tongue as they grow into adulthood?

Answer 16

drops and grows

Question 17

A child’s tongue is 75% the size of an adult’s by age __

Answer 17

7

Question 18

Vocal tract is __-__ cm at birth and __-__ cm as adult

Answer 18

6-8; 15-18

Question 19

1st 2 years, hard palate grows by __ cm, SP grows by __ cm, jaw grows by __ cm

Answer 19

1; 0.5; 2

Question 20

the thought that inspires the speech process

Answer 20

Proposition

Question 21

articulatory theory that there’s a master control system that controls all movement, sensory system gives feedback

Answer 21

Central control theory

Question 22

articulatory theory where muscle groups work as a unit to achieve a movement path (trajectory) and adapt to unique conditions

Answer 22

dynamic action theory models

Question 22

articulatory theory: to do a sound, have to link series of actions together in an order

Answer 22

associated chain

Question 23

weakness of associated chain theory

Answer 23

Doesn’t account for coarticulation and dynamism of speech

Question 24

weakness of central control theory

Answer 24

Doesn’t account for articulatory variability

Question 25

articulatory theory that utilizes auditory feedback and feedforward as dominant input

Answer 25

DIVA

Question 26

Answer 26

palatal lift

Question 27

Answer 27

palatal obturator

Question 28

this can be installed when velopharynx having trouble; hypernasality and reduced pressure for pressurized consonants

Answer 28

palatal lift

Question 29

this can be use in cases of cleft palates and palate removal

Answer 29

palatal obturator

Question 30

two types of structural pathologies in dentition

Answer 30

traumatic and developmental

Question 31

Three types of structural pathologies in tongue

Answer 31

disease
trauma
developmental

Question 32

two developmental problems that can affect jaw/maxillae

Answer 32

jaw too short (retrognathia)
jaw too advanced (prognathic mandible)

Question 33

definition congenital

Answer 33

from birth (can be genes or other)

Question 34

Cleft palates can also include clefts in these areas

Answer 34

lips, velum

Question 35

Surgeries for clefts can usually be completed by the time the child is

Answer 35

2

Question 36

disease where muscles strong and brain knows what we need to do but muscles don’t coordinate accurately

Answer 36

apraxia

Question 37

neurodegenerative disease - motor neurons decay over time

Answer 37

ALS (Lou Gehrig)