Intro Flashcards
Anatomy
study of structure (morphology) of body part
Physiology
study functions of body parts and how they interact
section of body that does not include limbs
axial
axis of the brain
neuraxis
section of the body that includes limbs and pelvic girdle
appendicular
anatomic word for back
Dorsal
Two anatomical words for front
ventral or anterior
a body plane where you divide the front half (anterior) part of body from posterior part (2 names)
frontal or coronal
a body plane where you divide the right side from the left
sagittal
a body plan where you divide horizontally
transverse
meaning “toward the head”
rostral
farther from attachment site (limbs only)
distal
close to attachment site (limbs only)
proximal
meaning “on the belly”
prone or pronate
meaning “on the back”
supine or supinate
away from midline
lateral
closer to midline
medial
bending at joint, usually towards ventral surface
flexion
act of two ends pulling farther apart
extension
extending joint too far
Hyperextension or dorsiflexion
another word for hyperextension
dorsiflexion
two parts of skull
cranial and facial
what is the cranial portion of the skull?
part that houses brain
Four major tissues in body
- Muscle
- Connective
- Epithelial
- Nervous
type of loose connective tissue important in binding
areolar
tissue aggregation that bind bone to bone
ligament
tissue aggregate that attaches muscle to bone or cartilage
tendon
what are the five bodily speech systems?
RPARN
Respiratory
Phonatory
Articulatory
Resonatory
Nervous
words that are named after the person who discovered them
Eponym
type of anatomy with diagnosis and treatment
applied or clinical
type of anatomy that relates indiv. parts of body to functional systems
descriptive
type of anatomy that studies of structures not visible without amplification
microscopic
type of anatomy that studies of structures visible to naked eye
gross
type of anatomy that examines growth and develop of organism
developmental
type of anatomy that studies disease and structural abnormalities
pathological
three sinuses in the head
frontal
maxillary
sphenoid
another word for posterior
dorsal
another term for superior
cranial
another word for inferior
caudal
a plane where the body is divided into equal right and left sections
midsagittal
anatomical term for sole of foot
plantar
anatomical term for palm of hand
palmar
anatomical term for “same side”
ipsi
anatomical term for “opposite side”
contra
study of tissue
histology
what are 5 places can you find epithelial tissue?
- skin
- organ linings
- outer layer mucous membranes
- inner lining of blood vessels
- inner lining lymph vessels
which three cavities to mesothelial tissues line?
peritoneal, pleural and pericardial
which type of tissue has ECM?
connective
what are the three functions of connective tissue?
support, protect and provide structure
blood is a type of ___ tissue
connective
bones are a type of ___ tissue
connective
this type of connective tissue is supportive tissue and compact - found between muscles and organs
areolar
this type of connective tissue has fat cells
adipose
special connective tissue found in tonsils and adenoids
Lymphoid
this type of connective tissue is special because both strong and elastic
cartilage
this type of connective tissue is dense, strong, organized; in ligaments and muscle incasing
white fibrous
this type of connective tissue is where connective tissue has to return to orig shape after swelling, like trachea/bronchial passageway
yellow elastic
these help with wound repair, secrete proteins
fibroblasts
these cells monch dead tissue
Macrophages
these cells secrete antibodies and defend against viruses
lymphocytes
these cells are the first response to inflammation
mast
three types of muscle tissue
striated, smooth, cardiac
these types of muscle tissues are involuntary
smooth and cardiac
this type of muscle tissue is voluntary
skeletal
term for bringing together
adduction
term for bringing apart
abduction
sheet-like membrane surrounding organs
fascia
tissue aggregate that attaches muscle to bone or cartilage
Tendon
joints are classified by their level of
mobility
type of joint that is not supposed to rotate or move
synarthrodial or fibrous
joints with limited mobility
Amphiarthrodial
most flexible type of joint
diathrodial or synovial
cranial nerve with sense of touch on face, controls many chewing muscles
V - trigeminal
Nerves that have to do with sensing
afferent
Nerves having to do with motor control
efferent
cranial nerve with motor for face muscles, tearing, sublingual and submandibular glands. Senes ear canal and skin of outer ear as well as taste for front of tongue
VII - facial
cranial nerve that mediates sense of sound from cochlea to brain stem, balance
VIII - vestibulocochlear/auditory
cranial nerve with taste for back of tongue and upper pharynx, sense for ear, swallow, gag and vomit reflexes (both)
IX - glossopharyngeal
cranial nerve that controls laryngeal muscle and sense larynx, pharynx, trachea, esophagus, thorax, abdomen
X - vagus
cranial nerve that controls motor of internal larynx muscles, innervates two muscles associated with respiration
XI - accessory
a projection from a structure is called a ___
process
small, rounded point of a bone is called a
tubercle
movement that decreases angle between two body parts
flexion
these type of joints involves sliding over surfaces
plane ✈️
ball and socket joints are also known as ___
spheroid or cotyloid joints
this type of joint is football-shaped
ellipsoid
this joint is also known as the “pivot” joint
Hint - T in pivot stands for trochoid
trochoid
this is another name for saddle joints
Hint - let’s sell our saddles
sellar
this is another name for hinge joint
Hint - laughing door, silly name
ginglymus
this type of joint is a shallow bone socket - like ball and socket but not as deep
condylar
this is another name for fibrous joint
Hint: sinner - no mercy!
synarthrodial
this type of fibrous joint is not intended to move at all
suture
this type of fibrous joint is bound by fibrous ligaments
Hint - Moses the spider 🕷️
syndesmosis
this type of suture is what the teeth fit into
Hint - sounds like gums
gomphosis
joints are classified by these two things:
type of tissue
degree of movement
Three types of tissue that can be in joints
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
three types of joint by movement
Hint - how far can you THROW
synarthrosis (immoveable)
amphiarthrosis (slightly)
diarthrosis (freely)
two types of cartilaginous joints
synchondroses
symphyses
in synchondroses, bones are connected via ____ cartilage
hyaline
example of a symphyses joint
joints between vertebrae
six main types of synovial joints
1) hinge
2) saddle
3) plane
4) pivot
5) condyloid
6) ball and socket
example of hinge joint
knee
example of saddle joint
sternoclavicular
example of plane joint
metacarpals in hand
example of pivot joint
joint in neck that allows turning (between C1 and C2)
example of saddle joint
incus and malleus in middle ear
example condylar joint
larynx
