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A&P of Speech and Hearing > Neuroanatomy - Brain > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy - Brain Flashcards

1
Q

This is the largest part of the nervous system, weighing in at 3lb

A

cerebrum

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2
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges and where are they?

A
  1. dura matter (outermost - attached to skull)
  2. arachnoid matter
  3. pia matter (deepest - attached to brain)
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3
Q

What are the two structures of the meninges?

A

Protection
Fixing structures in place

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4
Q

part of meninges that separates two cerebral hemispheres

A

falx cerebri

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5
Q

part of meninges that separates two cerebellar hemispheres

A

falx cerebelli

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6
Q

part of meninges - horizontal shelf at base of skull that divides cerebrum from cerebellum

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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7
Q

part of meninges that forms cover over pituitary gland

A

Diaphragma sella

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8
Q

What are two functions of CSF?

A
  1. Shock absorption
  2. Nutrient delivery and waste removal
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9
Q
A

Lateral ventricles

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10
Q
A

Third ventricle

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11
Q
A

Fourth ventricle

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12
Q

The third ventricle is connected to the fourth ventricle via the

A

cerebral aqueduct

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13
Q

The lateral ventricles are connected to the third ventricle via the

A

interventricular foramen

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14
Q

outer layer of cerebrum, meaning “bark” as in bark of a tree

A

cerebral cortex

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15
Q

This part of the brain is mostly made up of pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells

A

cerebral cortex

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16
Q

how did pyramidal cells get their name?

A

named as such because top of pyramid facing to top of cerebral cortex

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17
Q

These types of cells in the brain:

-Usually star-shaped
-Sensory function
-Intercommunication between brain regions
-Connect more local regions

A

nonpyramidal

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18
Q

6 layers of cerebral cortex

A

1) glial cells, axons
2) small pyramidal
3) large pyramidal
4) nonpyramidal
5) large pyramidal
6) pyramidal

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19
Q

what is this?

A

brodmann map of cerebrum

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20
Q

separates R and L cerebrum, down to corpus callosum

A

Cerebral (superior) longitudinal fissure

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21
Q

“Mountains” of the brain

A

gyri

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22
Q

“Valleys” of the brain

A

sulci

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23
Q

Really deep valley of brain

A

fissure

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24
Q

the temporal lobe is separated from the frontal and anterior parietal lobes by

A

lateral sulcus/sylvian fissure

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25
Q

separates frontal and parietal lobes

A

Central/Rolandic sulcus

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26
Q

five lobes of cerebrum

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Insula

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27
Q
A

primary motor cortex

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28
Q

In the motor strip, the parts that affect speech most directly are on the ___ side

A

lateral

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29
Q

These two speech-relevant structures are in the frontal lobe

A

broca’s and primary motor cortex

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30
Q

Brodmann area 4

A

primary motor cortex

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31
Q

Brodmann area 44-45

A

broca’s area

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32
Q

the _____ lobe houses motor areas for speech, judgement and problem-solving

A

frontal

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33
Q

the _____ interprets sensory information from the tongue

A

insula

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34
Q

the _____ lobe deals with hearing, language comprehension, learning, memory, recall

A

temporal

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35
Q

the _____ lobe interprets sensory information from the eyes

A

occipital

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36
Q

the _____ lobe interprets sensory information

A

parietal

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37
Q

3 parts of brainstem from superior to inferior

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

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38
Q
A

Brainstem:

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

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39
Q

motor strip at this gyrus

A

precentral

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40
Q

sensory counterpart to motor strip; sensory input, inside parietal lobe

A

Postcentral gyrus

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41
Q

BA for postcentral gyrus

A

1-3

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41
Q

association area - integrates info from vision, audition and somatic sense

A

inferior parietal lobule

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41
Q

BA for inf. parietal lobule

A

5, 7

42
Q

in inf. parietal lobule; important for reading comprehension

A

angular gyri

43
Q

in inf. parietal lobule; important for writing, higher level motor planning

A

supramarginal gyri

44
Q

Ba for angular gyri

A

39

45
Q

Ba for supramarginal gyri

A

40

46
Q

Primary area of the brain for understanding and processing speech and language

A

wernicke’s area

47
Q

all auditory info goes here

A

Herschl’s gyrus

48
Q

BA for herschl’s gyrus

A

41-42

49
Q

BA for wernicke’s area

A

22

50
Q

The ___ sulcus and the __ __ area in the occipital lobe receive visual info

A

calcarine; visual association

51
Q

Ba for calcarine sulcus

A

17

52
Q

Ba for visual association area

A

18-19

53
Q
A

insula

54
Q

information superhighway of the brain

A

corpus callosum

55
Q
A

corpus callosum

56
Q

sections of corp. callosum from ant to post

A

1) genu
2) rostrum
3) body
4) splenium

57
Q

inferior surface of brain: anterior portion known as

A

orbital surface

58
Q

primary olfactory cortex (pyriform lobe) made up of these three

A

1) uncus
2) parahippocampal gyrus
3) lat olfactory stria

59
Q

three types of communicating fibers in cerebral cortex

A

1) projection
2) association
3) commissural

60
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS

type that links between cortex, brainstem, spinal cord

A

projection

61
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS

type that communicates within hemisphere

A

association

62
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS

type that communicates from one location in hemisphere to corresponding location in opposite hemisphere

A

commissural

63
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS

The main type of projection fibers is the __ __, which eventually condenses to become the __ __

A

corona radiata; internal capsule

64
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS

This association fiber structure allows superior and middle frontal gyri to communicate with temporal, parietal and occipital lobes

A

Arcuate fasciculus

65
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS

biggest group of commissural fibers

A

corpus callosum

66
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS

connect right and left olfactory areas and portions of inf. and middle temporal gyri

A

anterior commissure

67
Q

This structure in the brain is unmylinated, involved in background mvt, and works of movement smoothness and muscle tone

A

basal ganglia

68
Q

three main parts of basal nuclei

A

1) caudate nucleus
2) putamen
3) globus pallidus

69
Q

BASAL NUCLEI

striatum is combo of these two

A

putamen + caudate nucleus

70
Q

BASAL NUCLEI

Lenticular nucleus/lentiform is combo of these two

A

putamen + globus pallidus

71
Q

BASAL NUCLEI

corpus striatum combo of these three

A

caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

72
Q

list sup to info

A

1) caudate nucleus
2) putamen
3) globus pallidus

73
Q

Four parts of subcortex

A

Basal ganglia
Thalamus
Subthalamus
Hypothalamus

74
Q

list, sup to inf

A

1) caudate nucleus
2) putamen
3) globus pallidus
4) amygdala

75
Q

Diencephalon = these four regions

A

Thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus

76
Q

All sensation except smell goes through here to cerebral cortex

A

thalamus

77
Q

Relay/integration center for motor impulses from cerebellum and globus pallidus to motor cortex

A

thalamus

78
Q

This is on the post. part of the thalamus, works with impulses and language

A

pulvinar

79
Q

This part of the brain is below the thalamus and has to do with control of striated muscle

A

subthalamus

80
Q

this part of the brain makes up the floor of the third ventricle and organizational structure for limbic system

A

hypothalamus

81
Q

this part of the brain regulates sex drive, food/water, digestive, ANS, emotion, sleep, temperature

A

hypothalamus

82
Q

This is the core of the cerebellum and looks like a tree

A

arbor vitae

83
Q

What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

A

targeted, precise movement like writing

84
Q

this par to of the brain houses 80% of the brain’s neurons

A

cerebellum

85
Q

In addition to motor control, the cerebellum also is involved in these six areas:

A

1) cognitive processing
2) limbic system
3) reticular activating system
4) cortical association
5) executive function
6) memory

86
Q

Looking at a person from behind, the ____ splits their cerebellum vertically, and the __ __ splits it horizontally

A

vermis; primary fissure

87
Q

lobes in cerebellum

A

1) anterior
2) middle (posterior)
3) flocculonodular

87
Q

cerebellum has __ lobes

A

3,

88
Q

cerebellum attached to brainstem via these three

A

peduncles - sup, mid and inf

89
Q

the cerebellum touches these two parts of brain stem

A

1) medulla oblongata
2) pons

90
Q

name, sup to inf

A

1) vermis
2) ant lobe
3) primary fissure
4) post lobe

91
Q

___ is right on top of midbrain

A

diencephalon

92
Q

list, sup to inf

A

sup colliculus
inf colliculus
cerebral peduncle

93
Q

most inf part of midbrain houses the __ __, or the __ __

A

crus cerebri; cerebral peduncles

94
Q

the __ __ communicate from the midbrain to the cerebrum

A

cerebral peduncles

95
Q

the posterior part of the midbrain houses the ___, which is composed of four landmarks, the __ __

A

tectum; corpora quadrigemina

96
Q

the midbrain’s corpora quadrigemina is made up of the right and left __ and __ ___

A

superior and inferior colliculi

97
Q

medulla oblongata houses the __ __, point where motor commands from cortex cross to other side of body

A

pyramidal decussation

98
Q

the __ __ controls vital and nonvital reflexes

A

medulla oblongata

99
Q

sup to inf

A

1) pyramid
2) olive
3) site of decussation

100
Q

Bridge between medulla, midbrain and cerebellum

A

pons

101
Q

Middle and superior cerebellar peduncles originate here

A

pons

102
Q

two parts of pons

A

tegmentum
basilar portion

103
Q

reticular formation continuing out of medulla into other parts of brainstem

A

tegmentum

104
Q

Respiratory center is housed in

A

pons

A&P of Speech and Hearing (17 decks)

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