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A&P of Speech and Hearing > Neuroanatomy - Brain > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy - Brain Flashcards

1
Q

This is the largest part of the nervous system, weighing in at 3lb

A

cerebrum

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2
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges and where are they?

A
  1. dura matter (outermost - attached to skull)
  2. arachnoid matter
  3. pia matter (deepest - attached to brain)
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3
Q

What are the two functions of the meninges?

A

Protection
Fixing structures in place

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4
Q

part of meninges that separates two cerebral hemispheres

A

falx cerebri

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5
Q

part of meninges that separates two cerebellar hemispheres

A

falx cerebelli

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6
Q

part of meninges - horizontal shelf at base of skull that divides cerebrum from cerebellum

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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7
Q

part of meninges that forms cover over pituitary gland

A

Diaphragma sella

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8
Q

What are two functions of CSF (cerebral spinal fluid)?

A
  1. Shock absorption
  2. Nutrient delivery and waste removal
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9
Q
A

Lateral ventricles

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10
Q
A

Third ventricle

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11
Q
A

Fourth ventricle

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12
Q

The third ventricle is connected to the fourth ventricle via the

A

cerebral aqueduct

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13
Q

The lateral ventricles are connected to the third ventricle via the

A

interventricular foramen

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14
Q

outer layer of cerebrum, meaning “bark” as in bark of a tree

A

cerebral cortex

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15
Q

This part of the brain is mostly made up of pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells

A

cerebral cortex

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16
Q

how did pyramidal cells get their name?

A

named as such because top of pyramid facing to top of cerebral cortex

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17
Q

These types of cells in the brain:

-Usually star-shaped
-Sensory function
-Intercommunication between brain regions
-Connect more local regions

A

nonpyramidal

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18
Q

6 layers of cerebral cortex

A

1) glial cells, axons
2) small pyramidal
3) large pyramidal
4) nonpyramidal
5) large pyramidal
6) pyramidal

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19
Q

what is this?

A

brodmann map of cerebrum

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20
Q

separates R and L cerebrum, down to corpus callosum

A

Cerebral (superior) longitudinal fissure

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21
Q

“Mountains” of the brain

A

gyri

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22
Q

“Valleys” of the brain

A

sulci

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23
Q

Really deep valley of brain

A

fissure

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24
Q

the temporal lobe is separated from the frontal and anterior parietal lobes by

A

lateral sulcus/sylvian fissure

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25
Q

separates frontal and parietal lobes

A

Central/Rolandic sulcus

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26
Q

five lobes of cerebrum

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Insula

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27
Q
A

primary motor cortex

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28
Q

In the motor strip, the parts that affect speech most directly are on the ___ side

A

lateral

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29
Q

These two speech-relevant structures are in the frontal lobe

A

broca’s and primary motor cortex

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30
Q

Brodmann area 4

A

primary motor cortex

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31
Q

Brodmann area 44-45

A

broca’s area

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32
Q

the _____ lobe houses motor areas for speech, judgement and problem-solving

A

frontal

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33
Q

the _____ interprets sensory information from the tongue

A

insula

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34
Q

the _____ lobe deals with hearing, language comprehension, learning, memory, recall

A

temporal

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35
Q

the _____ lobe interprets sensory information from the eyes

A

occipital

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36
Q

the _____ lobe interprets sensory information

A

parietal

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37
Q

3 parts of brainstem from superior to inferior

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

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38
Q
A

Brainstem:

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

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39
Q

motor strip at this gyrus

A

precentral

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40
Q

sensory counterpart to motor strip is here; sensory input, inside parietal lobe

A

Postcentral gyrus

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41
Q

BA for postcentral gyrus

A

1-3

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41
Q

Specific part of brain that integrates info from vision, audition and somatic sense

A

inferior parietal lobule

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41
Q

BA for inf. parietal lobule

A

5, 7

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42
Q

in inf. parietal lobule; important for reading comprehension

A

angular gyri

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43
Q

in inf. parietal lobule; important for writing, higher level motor planning

A

supramarginal gyri

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44
Q

Ba for angular gyri

A

39

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45
Q

Ba for supramarginal gyri

A

40

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46
Q

Primary area of the brain for understanding and processing speech and language

A

wernicke’s area

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47
Q

all auditory info goes here

A

Heschl’s gyrus

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48
Q

BA for heschl’s gyrus

A

41-42

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49
Q

BA for wernicke’s area

A

22

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50
Q

The ___ sulcus and the __ __ area in the occipital lobe receive visual info

A

calcarine; visual association

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51
Q

Ba for calcarine sulcus

A

17

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52
Q

Ba for visual association area

A

18-19

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53
Q
A

insula

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54
Q

information superhighway of the brain

A

corpus callosum

55
Q
A

corpus callosum

56
Q

sections of corp. callosum from ant to post

A

1) genu
2) rostrum
3) body
4) splenium

57
Q

inferior surface of brain: anterior portion known as

A

orbital surface

58
Q

primary olfactory cortex (piriform lobe) made up of these three

A

PUriform LUbe

1) uncus
2) parahippocampal gyrus
3) lat olfactory stria

59
Q

three types of communicating fibers in cerebral cortex

A

1) projection
2) association
3) commissural

60
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS

type that links between cortex, brainstem, spinal cord

A

projection

61
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS

type that communicates within hemisphere

A

association

62
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS

type that communicates from one location in hemisphere to corresponding location in opposite hemisphere

A

commissural

63
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS

The main type of projection fibers is the __ __, which eventually condenses to become the __ __

A

corona radiata; internal capsule

64
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS

This association fiber structure allows superior and middle frontal gyri to communicate with temporal, parietal and occipital lobes

A

Arcuate fasciculus

65
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS

biggest group of commissural fibers

A

corpus callosum

66
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS

connect right and left olfactory areas and portions of inf. and middle temporal gyri

A

anterior commissure

67
Q

This structure in the brain is unmylinated, involved in background mvt, and works of movement smoothness and muscle tone

A

basal ganglia

68
Q

three main parts of basal nuclei

A

G PC

1) caudate nucleus
2) putamen
3) globus pallidus

69
Q

BASAL NUCLEI

Corpus striatum is combo of these three

A

LIC

Lentiform nucleus (putamen and pallidum)
internal capsule
Caudate nucleus

70
Q

BASAL NUCLEI

Lenticular nucleus/lentiform is combo of these two

A

Putamen and pallidum

71
Q

list sup to info

A

1) caudate nucleus
2) putamen
3) globus pallidus

72
Q

Four parts of subcortex

A

Basal ganglia
Thalamus
Subthalamus
Hypothalamus

73
Q

list, sup to inf

A

1) caudate nucleus
2) putamen
3) globus pallidus
4) amygdala

74
Q

Diencephalon = these four regions

A

All about the thalamus

Thalamus
epi thalamus
hypo thalamus
sub thalamus

75
Q

All sensation except smell goes through here to cerebral cortex

76
Q

Relay/integration center for motor impulses from cerebellum and globus pallidus to motor cortex

77
Q

This is on the post. part of the thalamus, works with impulses and language

78
Q

This part of the brain is below the thalamus and has to do with control of striated muscle

A

subthalamus

79
Q

this part of the brain makes up the floor of the third ventricle and organizational structure for limbic system

A

hypothalamus

80
Q

this part of the brain regulates sex drive, food/water, digestive, ANS, emotion, sleep, temperature

A

hypothalamus

81
Q

This is the core of the cerebellum and looks like a tree

A

arbor vitae

82
Q

What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

A

targeted, precise movement like writing

83
Q

this par to of the brain houses 80% of the brain’s neurons

A

cerebellum

84
Q

In addition to motor control, the cerebellum also is involved in these six areas:

A

1) cognitive processing
2) limbic system
3) reticular activating system
4) cortical association
5) executive function
6) memory

85
Q

Looking at a person from behind, the ____ splits their cerebellum vertically, and the __ __ splits it horizontally

A

vermis; primary fissure

86
Q

lobes in cerebellum

A

1) anterior
2) middle (posterior)
3) flocculonodular

86
Q

cerebellum has __ lobes

87
Q

cerebellum attached to brainstem via these three

A

peduncles - sup, mid and inf

88
Q

the cerebellum touches these two parts of brain stem

A

1) medulla oblongata
2) pons

89
Q

name, sup to inf

A

1) vermis
2) ant lobe
3) primary fissure
4) post lobe

90
Q

___ is right on top of midbrain

A

diencephalon

91
Q

list, sup to inf

A

sup colliculus
inf colliculus
cerebral peduncle

92
Q

most inf part of midbrain houses the __ __, or the __ __

A

crus cerebri; cerebral peduncles

93
Q

the __ __ communicate from the midbrain to the cerebrum

A

cerebral peduncles

94
Q

the posterior part of the midbrain houses the ___, which is composed of four landmarks, the __ __

A

tectum; corpora quadrigemina

95
Q

the midbrain’s corpora quadrigemina is made up of the right and left __ and __ ___

A

superior and inferior colliculi

96
Q

medulla oblongata houses the __ __, point where motor commands from cortex cross to other side of body

A

pyramidal decussation

97
Q

the __ __ controls vital and nonvital reflexes

A

medulla oblongata

98
Q

sup to inf

A

1) pyramid
2) olive
3) site of decussation

99
Q

Bridge between medulla, midbrain and cerebellum

100
Q

Middle and superior cerebellar peduncles originate here

101
Q

two parts of pons

A

tegmentum
basilar portion

102
Q

reticular formation continuing out of medulla into other parts of brainstem

103
Q

Respiratory center is housed in

104
Q

BA for primary visual cortex

105
Q

NAME THE CORTEX

A

vision (VI)

106
Q

NAME THE CORTEX

A

somatic (sense) - SI

107
Q

BA and name of primary somatic cortex

A

postcentral gyrus (1-3)

108
Q

BA and name of primary auditory cortex

A

Heschl’s gyrus (41)

109
Q

NAME THE CORTEX

A

Auditory (AI)

110
Q

BA and name of primary motor cortex

A

4/motor strip

111
Q

NAME THE CORTEX

A

motor (MI)

112
Q

NAME THE CORTEX

113
Q

What are the BA’s/names of structures associated with the piriform cortex?

A

27 (parahippocampal gyrus), 34 (uncus)

114
Q
A

Arcuate fasciculus

115
Q
A

supermarginal gyrus

116
Q
A

precentral gyrus

117
Q
A

postcentral gyrus

118
Q
A

angular gyrus

119
Q
A

middle temporal gyrus

120
Q
A

middle frontal gyrus

121
Q
A

orbital gyrus

122
Q

___ ___ have highest order info processing in cerebral cortex

A

association areas

123
Q
A

Temporal-occipital-parietal (TOP)

124
Q

This association cortex takes input from auditory, visual and sense regions and integrates them with speech

A

Temporal-occipital-parietal (TOP) association cortex

125
Q

This association cortex is important for motivation, emotion and memory

A

Limbic association association cortex

126
Q

name association cortex

127
Q

name the association cortex

A

prefrontal

128
Q

this association cortex integrates of info in preparation for motor act, and also is involved in higher-level cognitive processes

A

prefrontal

129
Q

for most people, language/speech is dominated by the ___ hemisphere and spatial and tonal info is dominated by the ___ hemisphere

A

left; right

130
Q

in ___ of left-handed people, language is dominated by the ___ hemisphere, or shared between the hemispheres

A

30%; right

131
Q

Wernicke’s area inside this gyrus

A

superior temporal

132
Q

__ ___ is primarily responsible for receiving auditory info, and __ ___ is primarily responsible for processing that info

A

heschl’s gyrus; wernicke’s area

133
Q

____’s area has to do with the planning of speech

134
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS

This series of connecting fibers connect Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas

A

arcuate fasciculus

135
Q

the ___ region makes a plan for how to speak, then the __ __ initiates the movement

A

premotor; motor strip

136
Q

the __ association area provides input to motor strip for higher cognitive aspects of speech

A

prefrontal

A&P of Speech and Hearing (19 decks)

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