Neuroanatomy - Cerebrovascular, Nerves, Spinal Cord Flashcards
internal carotid artery
middle cerebral artery
ant cerebral artery
This brain artery moves through the top of the corpus callosum
anterior cerebral artery
This brain artery moves through lateral fissure
middle cerebral
vertebral artery
basilar artery
the ___ artery splits into left and right portions starting at the medulla oblongata, then rejoin and become the ___ artery
vertebral; basilar
superior cerebellar
ant inf cerebellar
post cerebral
Two main arteries that feed the arteries to brain
internal carotid; vertebral arteries (and then basilar)
Linking point between arteries at base of brain, circles optic chasm
Circle of Willis
The circle of willis has the anterior and posterior ___ and ___ arteries, as well as the internal ___ arteries
communicating; cerebral; carotid
name, sup to inf
ant cerebral
middle cerebral
post cerebral
basilar
name, sup to inf
ant communicating
internal carotid
post communicating
this pyramidal descending tract controls voluntary mvt of body/limbs
corticospinal
this pyramidal descending tract controls voluntary mvt of head/neck/swallowing
corticobulbar
Types of nerves that sense things
afferent
Types of nerves that instruct body part to do things
efferent
what do somatic sensors pick up?
pain
temp
mechanical stimulation
tactile sense
a bunch of single-nerve fibers bundled together that have functional unity
tracts
The spinal cord begins at the __ __ and extends for about ___ cm
foramen magnum; 46
End of the spinal cord is __ __ at the ___ ___ vertebrae, which eventually joins with the __ __ to become the coccygeal ligament
conus medullaris; 1st lumbar; dural tube
There are a total of ___ pairs of spinal nerves
31
List 5 types of spinal nerves and how many are in each category
8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves
12 pairs of thoracic nerves
5 pairs of lumbar nerves
5 pairs sacral
1 pair coccygeal
network of nerves that physically communicates with other nerves
plexus
The spinal cord has both __ and __ nerves
afferent; efferent
the middle of the spinal column has the __ __, which is continuous with the ___ ventricle
central canal; 4th
the spinal cord has a giant indentation on the anterior side called the __ __ __
anterior median fissure
the spinal cord has a slight indentation on the posterior side called the __ __ __
posterior median sulcus
the spinal cord has small indentations lateral to the anterior median fissure called the __ __ __
anterior lateral sulcus
__ root fibers carry sensory info into the spinal cord on the posterior side
dorsal
__ root fibers carry motor commands out of the spinal cord on the anterior side
ventral
Dorsal and ventral roots combine to form a __ __, then divide again to form dorsal and ventral ramis
spinal nerve
REFLEX ARC
Specific neuron in ventral gray matter + axon/components that communicate with muscle fiber =
final common pathway/lower motor neuron (LMN)
basic stimulus response system of nervous system
Segmental spinal reflex arc
What is the purpose of the reflex arc?
Muscle have to maintain certain length for posture - muscle spindles help nervous system sense this and adapt as needed
Name for efferent fibers descending from upper brain levels, bring commands to activate/inhibit muscle functions by connecting to LMN
upper motor neurons (UMN)
this spinal tract goes from cortex to spine, innervates skeletal muscle, responsible for inhibiting reflexes
corticospinal
this tract is NOT a spinal tract, but very important for speech because it merges with cranial nerves to give bilateral innervation to the head, face, neck and larynx
corticobulbar
