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A&P of Speech and Hearing > Hearing > Flashcards

Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

Three sections of ear

A

outer, middle, inner

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2
Q

the structure that we normally think of as the ear, on the outside

A

Pinna/auricle

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3
Q

two purposes of pinna

A

funnel sound energy and aiding localization of sound in space

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4
Q

curled outer part of pinna

A

Helix

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5
Q

two ends of the superior part of antihelix after it splits in two

A

Crura of antihelix

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6
Q

entrance to ear canal

A

concha

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7
Q

another name of ear canal

A

External auditory meatus (EAM)

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8
Q

Medial point of auricle, when pressed down can cover the concha

A

Tragus

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9
Q

most inferior dangly bit of auricle

A

lobule

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10
Q

another name for eardrum

A

Tympanic membrane (TM)

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11
Q

another name for ear wax

A

Cerumen

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12
Q

Protects TM from dirt and insects via hairs and cerumen

A

ear canal

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13
Q

marks boundary between outer and middle ear

A

TM

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14
Q

what are the three layers of the tympanic membrane made of?

A

Outer = epithelial from EAM
Middle = fibrous tissue, makes structure (actually 2 layers)
Inner = lining of middle ear

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15
Q

portion of TM on the bottom that reflects light back to doctor

A

Cone of light

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16
Q

“tucking” point of helix

A

Crus of helix

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17
Q

what are the names of the three layers of the TM?

A

cuticular (outer)
fibrous (middle)
mucous (inner)

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18
Q

bones of ear known as

A

ossicles

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19
Q

Three bones that form ossicular chain

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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20
Q

what is the purpose of the ossicular chain?

A

transmit acoustic energy to inner ear

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21
Q
A

malleus bone

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22
Q

middle ear bone nicknamed anvil

A

incus

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23
Q
A

incus

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24
Q

this middle ear bone is nicknamed “stirrup”

A

stapes

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25
Q

Ossicular chain held in place by

A

ligaments

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26
Q

Two muscles of inner ear (smallest in body)

A

Stapedius
Tensor tympani

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27
Q

what is the function of the stapedius muscle?

A

rotates stapes to stiffen ossicular chain

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28
Q

the tympanic muscles ____ ossicular motion to protect the ears

A

inhibit

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29
Q
A

stapes

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30
Q

what is the function of the tensor tympani muscle?

A

pull malleus to stiffen ossicular chain

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31
Q

activation of the stapedial muscle turns on after 85 dB, and is known as the

A

acoustic reflex

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32
Q

in the middle ear, what contains the footplate of stapes?

A

oval window

32
Q

in middle ear, what is inferior to oval window, bulge made by cochlea

A

promontory

33
Q

in middle ear, what is inferior to promontory, sealed by secondary tympanic membrane

A

Round window

34
Q

in middle ear, bulge between lateral semicircular canal and oval window

A

Prominence of facial nerve

35
Q

path for O2 to get to middle ear, connected to nasopharynx

A

Auditory/Eustachian tube

36
Q

skull bone behind the ear, opposite of jaw

A

Mastoid process

37
Q

can reach floor of middle ear, infection can be a problem

A

mastoid air cells

38
Q

inflammation of mastoid bone, can lead to hearing loss, vestibular dysfunction, tinnitus, brain infection and death

A

Mastoiditis

39
Q

what are two functions of the mastoid air cells?

A

1) help keep bone light
2) helps transmit sound to brain

40
Q

what are the two functions of the oval window?

A

1) house footplate of stapes
2) communicate point between scala vestibuli and middle ear

41
Q

what is the function of the round window?

A

communicate between scala tympani and middle ear

42
Q

Inflammation of the middle ear; common in children because their Eustachian tubes collect fluid more easily

A

otitis media

43
Q

what are the two labyrinths of the inner ear?

A

osseous and membranous

44
Q

The osseous labyrinth contains the ____ ____, and inside them are the membranous ____ ___.

A

semicircular canals; semicircular ducts

45
Q

The function of the semicircular canals/ducts is to

A

help with balance and our sense of bodies in space

46
Q

In between the semicircular canals and the cochlea is the

A

vestibule

47
Q

The cochlear canal is coiled around the central __ bone

A

modiolus (hub of a wheel)

48
Q

What are the three channels of the cochlea from superior to inferior?

A

scala vestibuli
cochlear duct (scala media)
scala tympani

49
Q

within the membranous inner ear, what are the two sections?

A

vestibular labyrinth (in displacer beast part)
cochlear labyrinth

50
Q

Scala vestibuli and scala tympani meet here at the center of the cochlea

A

helicotrema

51
Q

the vestibular labyrinth’s two membranous sacs that serve as vestibular receptors

A

US from Baldur’s Gate

utricle
saccule

52
Q

what are the two membranes that are on the ends of the cochlear duct, and sandwich the Organ of Corti between them

A

Reissner’s membrane
Basilar membrane

53
Q

the hearing organ at the center of the cochlea

A

Organ of Corti

54
Q

In the Organ of Corti, these hair cells have stereocilia on the top, are in a single row, and are teardrop shaped

A

inner hair cells

55
Q

In the Organ of Corti, these hair cells have stereocilia on the top, are 4 rows and are test tube-shaped

A

outer hair cells

56
Q

this bundle of nerves is the way we hear background noise; connected to hairs in inner ear

A

Olivocochlear bundle

57
Q

the small membrane over the Organ of Corti that the hairs brush up against when the organ moves

A

tectorial membrane

58
Q

which cranial nerve is the auditory nerve?

A

VIII - vestibulocochlear

59
Q

ear deformity with small auricle - common in Down syndrome

A

Microtia

60
Q

what is the function of the middle ear?

A

increases pressure by decreasing area - makes it possible for sound to go from air to water

61
Q

what is the function of the inner ear in regards to hearing?

A

processes pitch, frequency and volume

62
Q

the part of the auditory system that sends the signals to the brain

A

auditory pathway

63
Q

the part of the auditory system that interprets the auditory signal

A

cerebral cortex

64
Q

gelatinous mass inside the ampullae of the semicircular ducts that helps with dynamic movement

A

cupula

65
Q

which part of the ear inner is responsible for maintaining static equilibrium?

A

otoliths

66
Q

another name for the utricle and saccule

A

otoliths

67
Q

anatomical term for hearing

A

audition

68
Q

What are the four language goals for children with hearing impairments?

A

NPR SV

Expand vocab
Enhance syntax and pragmatics
Develop narrative skills
Literacy (reading)

69
Q

what are the three speech goals for children with hearing impairments?

A

VIP

-Increase amount of vocalizations
-Expand phonetic and phonemic repertoire
-Increase speech intelligibility

70
Q

this type of equilibrium is also known as the “righting reflex” and helps us not to fall

A

static equilibrium

71
Q

this type of equilibrium helps keep us balanced when we or the environment around us is moving

A

dynamic equilibrium

72
Q

where are the ampullae of the semicircular ducts?

A

the balls at the end of the displacer beast’s tentacles

73
Q

4 important membranes of the ear and their location

A

1) tympanic membrane - barrier outer and middle ear
2) tectorial membrane - Organ of Corti
3) Reissner’s membrane - inner, connected to Basilar, divides vestibuli from cochlear duct
4) Basilar membrane - inner, connected to Reissner, divides cochlear duct from scala tympani

74
Q

The tympanic membrane is completely developed in utero by ___

A

18 weeks

75
Q

hearing begins in the womb at ___

A

23-24 weeks

76
Q

the ossicles are fully developed by ___

A

birth

77
Q

the hearing mechanism in innervated by the ___ cranial nerve, which splits to form the ___ and ___ nerves

A

8th (vestibulocochlear); vestibular, cochlear

A&P of Speech and Hearing (8 decks)

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