respiration Flashcards
what is cellular respiration
-a biochemical process that occurs within cells and where molecules are broken down to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
what are the two types of respiration
-aerobic respiration
-anaerobic respiration
what is aerobic respiration
-oxygen is required
-oxygen is used to help convert glucose into ATP
-this provides energy but also produces carbon dioxide and water as by products
what is energy required by organisms to do
-growth
-cell division
-movement
what is the primary source of energy for life on earth
-the sun
what is ATP
-adenosine triphosphate
-energy carrier molecules for cells
what are raw materials needed for cellular respiration
-glucose
-oxygen
what is the chemical equation for cellular respiration
glucose + oxygen -> (energy) -> carbon dioxide + and water + ATP
where does cellular respiration occur the most
-in the mitochondria
what are the three phases of aerobic respiration
-glycolysis
-krebs cycle
-oxidative phosphorylation
what occurs during glycolysis
-in cytoplasm
-glucose is broken down
-two pyruvic acid molecules are formed
-energy rich h-atoms released
-small amount of atp formed
what occurs during krebs cycle
-in mitochondria
-pyruvic acid broken down in presence of oxygen
-energy rich h atoms are released
-carbon dioxide is formed
what occurs during oxidative phosphorylation
-in folds of cristae
-energy rich atoms are carried to a hydrogen system
-acceptor energy is released
-energy used to form ATP
-oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor = forming water
what is anaerobic respiration
-occurs in the absence of oxygen
-only GLYCOLYSIS occurs
-small amount of energy released
what happens during anaerobic respiration in the muscles (lactic acid fermentation)
-exercise
-not enough oxygen present
-pyruvic acid formed and converted into lactic acid
what is oxygen debt
-need for oxygen to get rid of lactic acid which accumulates in the cells
what are the similarities between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
-glucose is broken down
-carbon dioxide releases
-energy is released
what are the similarities between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
-glucose is broken down
-carbon dioxide releases
-energy is released
how is oxygen transported
-as oxyhaemoglobin
what’s the process of oxygen and carbon dioxide transportation
-oxygen travels in the blood from the lungs to the heart where it is pumped all over the body tissue via the aorta
-in the capillaries of the tissues, gaseous exchange occurs again and this time oxygen diffuses out of the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood
-carbon dioxide then travels to the heart before being pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary artery
