diabetes and diet (nutrition) Flashcards
what is diabetes mellitus
-a chronic illness, characterised by HIGH glucose in the blood (hyperglycaemia)
what is type 1 diabetes mellitus
-occurs when the beta cells of the islets of langerhands are DAMAGED and don’t produce INSULIN
-caused by bodies immune system attacking beta cells
what is type 2 diabetes mellitus
-occurs when body cells don’t respond to insulin
-caused by poor nutrition, genes, obesity, inactivity and age
what is the effects of diabetes mellitus
-body cells don’t get enough glucose
-cells lose water due to osmosis = dehydration
-organs damaged
-coma
what are the symptoms of diabetes mellitus
-frequent urination
-weight loss
-infections
-slow healing
-exhaustion
what is the treatment of diabetes mellitus
-treatments include taking insulin and monitoring blood sugar levels
-a change in lifestyle
what’s a balanced diet
-required to maintain good health
-consists of all necessary nutrients
-nutrients depends on age, sex and activity
what does a balanced diet consist of
-3 thirds
-1 third should be starch
-1 third should be non starchy fruit and vegetables
-1 third should be proteins, fats and oils (including dairy)
what is malnutrition
-occurs when a person does not follow a balanced diet.
-either too little food (under nourishment)
-or under balanced (eating too much of a certain food)
what are examples of UNDER nourishment disorders
-kwashiorkor
-marasmus
-anorexia
-bulimia
what are examples of UNBALANCED nourishment disorders
-heart disease
-obesity
-diabetes
what’s a food allergy
-an immune system response
-body sees food as harmful
-peanuts
what is food intolerance
-the digestive systems inability to properly process certain foods
-lactose
what are food supplements
-when a diet is deficient in certain foods
-to promote a balanced diet
what is tooth decay
-occurs when the outer layer of tooth enamel is damaged
-plaque made of sticky film clicks to teeth
