gaseous exchange Flashcards
what’s breathing
a physical process where air is inhaled and exhaled
what’s gaseous exchange
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide across an exchange surface
what’s cellular respiration
a chemical process that takes place inside cells which food molecules are broken down into energy
what are the surface requirements for gaseous exchange
-large: provide oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide
-thin: rapid diffusion
-moist: prevent cells from drying out
what’s the breathing system
-nasal cavities
-trachea
-two bronchi
-bronchioles
-lungs
-respiratory muscles
what does the nasal cavity consist of
-nostrils-> nasal cavity
-hairs: filter hair
-cavity divided by three passages by 3 curved turbinate bones
-mucous membranes: ciliated columnar epithelial cells
-cells: lined w blood capillaries- warms incoming air
-goblet cells: secretes mucous
-cillia: sweeps away dust from lungs
to expel dust and carries mucus
what’s the pharynx
-is lead from nasal cavity
-pharynx leads to the glottis
-glottis leads to the trachea and the opening leads to the oesophagus
what is the trachea
-a long tubular structure located at the front of the oesophagus
-larynx with vocal cords: top of trachea
-epiglottis: top of larynx and closes the glottis
-walls: kept open by c shapes rings
-lined/ with ciliated columnar and goblet cells
-mucus: moistening incoming air
what’s the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli
-trachea branches into two bronchi that enters the lungs
-bronchi: lined with mucous membrane and are held open by o shaped rings
what’s the function of the bronchi
-divides into smaller branches inside the lungs
what type of rings are the bronchi held open by
o shaped cartilage rings
true or false the bronchioles have cartilage rings
false, their walls consist of smooth muscle that contract and relax to alter air flow
what does the bronchiole consist of
-an infundibulum which consists of groups of alveoli
what’s the function of alveoli
increase surface area
what’s the specs of the alveoli’s walls
-thin, single layer which is effecient for gaseous exchange
-tissue fluid to keep it moist
what’s the alveoli surrounded by
-a network of capalliries
what’s the function of capillaries
-transports oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide to lungs
describe the lungs
-located in the chest
-protected by the ribs
-spongy and elastic
-expand and contract during breathing
how many lobes do each lung have
-right has three
-left has two
what’s the pluera
-a double membrane that surrounds the lungs
-the fluid between the pluera and lungs prevents friction
what’s the diaphragm
-a dome shaped muscle plate that separates the chest and abdomen
what’s does the diaphragm do during breathing
-contracts and flattens altering the volume
what is diffusion
-movement of molecules from a high to low concentration until equilibrium is reached
function of blood capillaries and alveoli
-blood capillaries take oxygen in from alveoli and sends carbon dioxide out to alveoli
what’s the importance of gaseous exchange
-can absorb oxygen from atmosphere
-remove carbon dioxide as a waste product
-carbon dioxide can be lower than ph of body fluids
how is oxyhaemoglobin
oxygen+ haemoglobin
what happens when we exercise
-cellular respiration increases
-increased amount of carbon dioxide
-lungs exhale more
-heartbeat increases
-carbon dioxide levels decrease in blood
what is hypoxia
-low blood oxygen concentration
what happens to people who live at higher altitudes
-breathe more deeply
-increased blood volume
-increased number of red blood cells