gaseous exchange Flashcards
what’s breathing
a physical process where air is inhaled and exhaled
what’s gaseous exchange
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide across an exchange surface
what’s cellular respiration
a chemical process that takes place inside cells which food molecules are broken down into energy
what are the surface requirements for gaseous exchange
-large: provide oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide
-thin: rapid diffusion
-moist: prevent cells from drying out
what’s the breathing system
-nasal cavities
-trachea
-two bronchi
-bronchioles
-lungs
-respiratory muscles
what does the nasal cavity consist of
-nostrils-> nasal cavity
-hairs: filter hair
-cavity divided by three passages by 3 curved turbinate bones
-mucous membranes: ciliated columnar epithelial cells
-cells: lined w blood capillaries- warms incoming air
-goblet cells: secretes mucous
-cillia: sweeps away dust from lungs
to expel dust and carries mucus
what’s the pharynx
-is lead from nasal cavity
-pharynx leads to the glottis
-glottis leads to the trachea and the opening leads to the oesophagus
what is the trachea
-a long tubular structure located at the front of the oesophagus
-larynx with vocal cords: top of trachea
-epiglottis: top of larynx and closes the glottis
-walls: kept open by c shapes rings
-lined/ with ciliated columnar and goblet cells
-mucus: moistening incoming air
what’s the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli
-trachea branches into two bronchi that enters the lungs
-bronchi: lined with mucous membrane and are held open by o shaped rings
what’s the function of the bronchi
-divides into smaller branches inside the lungs
what type of rings are the bronchi held open by
o shaped cartilage rings
true or false the bronchioles have cartilage rings
false, their walls consist of smooth muscle that contract and relax to alter air flow
what does the bronchiole consist of
-an infundibulum which consists of groups of alveoli
what’s the function of alveoli
increase surface area
what’s the specs of the alveoli’s walls
-thin, single layer which is effecient for gaseous exchange
-tissue fluid to keep it moist
