nutrition- process Flashcards
What are animals classified as in terms of nutrition?
Animals are heterotrophs, meaning they must eat food to obtain nutrients.
What are the five main processes of nutrition
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion.
What is ingestion?
Ingestion is the process of taking food into the mouth.
What is digestion?
Digestion is breaking food down into smaller particles.
What is absorption
Absorption is the process of nutrients entering the bloodstream.
What is assimilation?
Assimilation is the movement of nutrients into body cells to be used for metabolism.
What is egestion?
Egestion is the removal of undigested waste from the body as feces.
What are herbivores?
Herbivores are animals that eat only plants.
What are carnivores?
Carnivores are animals that eat only other animals.
What are omnivores?
Omnivores are animals that eat both plants and animals.
What are incisors used for?
Incisors are chisel-shaped teeth used for chopping food
What are canines used for?
Canines are dagger-shaped teeth used for piercing.
What are premolars used for?
Premolars are used for grinding, gnawing, or tearing food.
What are molars used for?
Molars are large teeth at the back of the jaw used for chewing and grinding.
What is the human dental formula?
Humans have 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars on each half of both the upper and lower jaws, totaling 32 teeth.
What kind of teeth do herbivores have?
A: Herbivores have large incisors and molars for chewing plants.
What kind of teeth do carnivores have?
Carnivores have sharp canines and premolars for tearing meat.
What kind of teeth do omnivores have?
Omnivores have a mix of sharp and flat teeth for eating both plants and meat.
What is the human digestive system
It is a continuous tube called the alimentary canal, from the mouth to the anus, responsible for digestion and absorption.
What is mechanical digestion?
It is the chewing or grinding of food into smaller pieces.
What is chemical digestion?
It is the process of breaking down food using enzymes into smaller molecules.
What is peristalsis?
Peristalsis is the squeezing action of muscles that moves food through the digestive system.
What happens in the mouth during digestion?
Food is chewed and mixed with saliva, which contains enzymes that begin breaking down starch.
What happens in the stomach during digestion?
The stomach churns food and mixes it with stomach acid and enzymes.
What happens in the small intestine during digestion?
Most chemical digestion occurs here, and nutrients are absorbed through the walls into the blood.
What does the pancreas do?
The pancreas releases enzymes for digestion and helps neutralize stomach acid.
What does the liver do?
The liver produces bile to break down fats.
What does the gall bladder do?
The gall bladder stores bile until needed for digestion.
What is the function of the large intestine?
It absorbs water and minerals, and forms feces from undigested food.
Where does most absorption occur in the digestive system?
Most absorption occurs in the small intestine, through structures called villi.
what is the function of goblet cells
-secretes mucous for bolts
what is the cardiac sphincter
-allows food into stomach
what is the pyloric sphincter
-makes sure food doesn’t leave too early
