Research) RCT And Comparing Groups

Question 1

What is a RCT

Why are trials done, give eg

What is the importance of randomisation, what does it avoid

Answer 1

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WhAT IS A CONFOUNDER

Question 2

What makes a good RCT

What is bias, how can this happen in RCT

Answer 2

Internal and external validity - is IV causing DV??

What is bias independent from

Question 3

What types of bias are there, explain each one

Answer 3

Selection, performance, attrition, observer / detection bias

Question 4

What is selection bias

Answer 4

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Question 5

What is observer or detection bias

Answer 5

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Question 6

What is attrition bias

Answer 6

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What types of analysis can be done that relates to this

Question 7

What kind of blinding can be done

What can and cant be blinded

Answer 7

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Question 8

What is open RCT
Double blinded RCt
Triple blind
Single blind

Answer 8

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Question 9

Error and power

What is significance level and power

What levels are they accepted at?

Answer 9

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Question 10

What is the p value

Discuss what different values what mean and how a high and low p value would occur

What is threshold to reject null hypothesis

Answer 10

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Question 11

What is needed to calculate sample size

Answer 11

Minimal clinically important difference (effect size) needs to be estimated

Standard deviation that would be likely to happen should be known

How much error is allowed or okay fo the expt

Question 12

What s the importance of calculating sample size

Answer 12

Can get too few or too many

Error decr as sample incr

Question 13

What types of data are there, describe each

Answer 13

Categorical and scale

Question 14

Scale valuables: parametric and non parametric

Discuss

Answer 14

Negative and positive skew???

Question 15

Skew

What problems of it, and what can you do to approach this in analysis

Give eg of when data can be skewed

Answer 15

Interquartile range instead of standar deviation

Median instead

Question 16

Descriptive analysis

What does this entail, how can it be analysed

Answer 16

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Question 17

How can difference between groups be measured

Frequency? Proportion? (Differences)

Answer 17

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Question 18

RCT with continuous outcomes

What can be used to compare groups here

What assumptions are here

Answer 18

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Question 19

T tests

What is being tested here

Answer 19

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Question 20

What is used to compare frequency or continuous variables between more than 2 groups?

Answer 20

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Question 21

Chi-square test

What is required of the data for this

What is assumed

What is being tested

Answer 21

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Question 22

Non parametric tests

What does this mean

Example of this?

What data is used and how

What is used for analysis

Answer 22

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Mann-Whitney U test instead of t-test

Kruskal Wallis instead of ANOVA

Spearman’s Rho instead of correlation

Question 23

For non-parametric data, what is an alternative to the t-test to compare?

What is the variable described as for non parametric data

What assumptions are needed (and what doesn’t matter)

Answer 23

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Question 24

Mann-Whitney U test

What is it what is it for what data does it use

What is being tested

What is the test output

Answer 24

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