I&I - 3. Bacterial Pathogenesis & Infectious Disease Flashcards
By what qualities can bacteria be described / classed
Staining, growth, typing
How is gram stain done
What are the differences between each types of gram stain structurally
Give eg of both types of gram stain
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In terms of atmosphere, how do bacteria grow differently. Give eg for both
What type of respiration:
- s. aureus
- e. Coli
- clostridium
How can bacteria grow on agar
How can bacteria be typed?
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What is difference between commensalism vs pathogen* —- also what does it depend* on
Give examples* of different end of spectrum
Eg on back
Malaria HIV Staph epidermidis Strep pneumonia Propionibacterium acnes Staph Aureus Neisseia meningitis Candida albicans Lactobacillus casei
Give eg of:
Gram positive cocci and rods
Gram negative cocci and rods
Full one separately
Staph aureus
Where can it be found
What are some common signs of infection
Pro for q’s on what
Furunculosis, staph abscess, impetigo
What gives staph aureus its virulence
How does each work? (Prompts on back)
Coagulase?
Adhesions? What in particular can do what.
Staphylococcal toxins
What types are there
—what do each do
Prompt on back
How are these encoded
Cytotoxins? — eg??
Exfoliating toxins?
Enterotoxins??
What can they lead to
PVL
What is it what is it caused by? Phys?
How does this look like
What can it lead to, where does this happen.
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Scalded skin syndrome
What is it what is it caused by? Phys?
What are signs of it
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Toxic shock syndrome
What is it? Caused by? Phys?
Symptoms?
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Staph aureus and food poisoning
How and why does this happen
Enterotoxins, once ingested lead to rapid and brief ill, Vom, diarrhoea
Staph aureus infections — list and go through the various ways it can happen.
Prompts on back
Commensal, skin pathogen, vascular like
Bacteraemia — COMMONEST! Leads to various things….
Surg site infect
Toxin mediated
Coagulase negative staphylococci
What is this
What is the most common species of this
What can it do (briefly)
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S epidermidis
Where? How does it infect? What can it lead to?
What type of bacteria is it
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Streptococci
What type of bacteria
Where is it typically
How to classify this?
Give eg of each type of haemolysis
Alpha / beta / gamma haemolysis
What does each indicate and for what bacteria is it used for.
Give eg for alpha and beta. And what can they cause
What type of haemolysis are the following:
S pneumoniae S mitis S canis S milleri S sanguis S pyogenes S equi
What are some symptoms of S pyogenes infection?
Pyoderma.
Also, all beta haemolytic steps can cause pharyngitis and cellulitis
Necrotising fasciitis — how does this happen briefly. Some symp’s?
Necrosis fasciitis
How does those present - symptoms and signs and bloods
What causes this and how
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S pyogenes
Outline the different types of infection that it can do. — and what could each of these cause
PointOB
Superficial
Deep
Autoimmune sequalae
S pyogenes structure
What are some features that give it its virulence and how?
PointOB
M protein — what is it what does it do
Exotoxins (which ones)
Streptococcal M protein
What is it what doe sit do
How does it have its effect
Structure?
How does it partake in molecular mimicry?
What can this lead to
List some”
Gram negative bacteria
Non bacterial pathogens
POB
Neisseria Fungal Yeast Haemophillus E. coli MOuld Dimorphic fungi Aspergillus species C. difficile
Enteriobacteriacia
What type of bacteria classed as
Common eg?
Where and how do they typically infect
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E. coli
What major human diseases does it cause
What things (titles) give it its virulence. outline each one. POB
Adhesins? — how does its work
Siderophores?
Caspsule? — specific eg
Toxins? — what types? Egs on other one
E. coli toxins
Which ones are there and what do each do
(Also outline other ways in which E. coli has its virulence)
Endo
Eco - cyclolysins
Enterotoxins — GI tract fluid leak
Verotoxins — ribo prot syn distrupted. What does this cause
E. coli
What it it the commonest cause of?
What types of sepsis does it majorly contribute to?
What type of hospital acquired infections is it a major cause of?
What else is it the commonest of
Also, lately what’s been going n changing in terms of E. coli disease?
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