I&I - 3. Bacterial Pathogenesis & Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

By what qualities can bacteria be described / classed

A

Staining, growth, typing

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2
Q

How is gram stain done

What are the differences between each types of gram stain structurally

Give eg of both types of gram stain

A

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3
Q

In terms of atmosphere, how do bacteria grow differently. Give eg for both

A

What type of respiration:

  • s. aureus
  • e. Coli
  • clostridium
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4
Q

How can bacteria grow on agar

How can bacteria be typed?

A

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5
Q

What is difference between commensalism vs pathogen* —- also what does it depend* on

Give examples* of different end of spectrum

Eg on back

A
Malaria HIV 
Staph epidermidis 
Strep pneumonia
Propionibacterium acnes
Staph Aureus
Neisseia meningitis
Candida albicans
Lactobacillus casei
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6
Q

Give eg of:
Gram positive cocci and rods
Gram negative cocci and rods

A

Full one separately

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7
Q

Staph aureus
Where can it be found
What are some common signs of infection

Pro for q’s on what

A

Furunculosis, staph abscess, impetigo

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8
Q

What gives staph aureus its virulence

How does each work? (Prompts on back)

A

Coagulase?

Adhesions? What in particular can do what.

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9
Q

Staphylococcal toxins

What types are there
—what do each do

Prompt on back

How are these encoded

A

Cytotoxins? — eg??
Exfoliating toxins?
Enterotoxins??

What can they lead to

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10
Q

PVL

What is it what is it caused by? Phys?
How does this look like
What can it lead to, where does this happen.

A

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11
Q

Scalded skin syndrome

What is it what is it caused by? Phys?
What are signs of it

A

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12
Q

Toxic shock syndrome

What is it? Caused by? Phys?
Symptoms?

A

—-

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13
Q

Staph aureus and food poisoning

How and why does this happen

A

Enterotoxins, once ingested lead to rapid and brief ill, Vom, diarrhoea

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14
Q

Staph aureus infections — list and go through the various ways it can happen.

Prompts on back

A

Commensal, skin pathogen, vascular like
Bacteraemia — COMMONEST! Leads to various things….
Surg site infect
Toxin mediated

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15
Q

Coagulase negative staphylococci

What is this
What is the most common species of this
What can it do (briefly)

A

—-

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16
Q

S epidermidis

Where? How does it infect? What can it lead to?
What type of bacteria is it

17
Q

Streptococci

What type of bacteria
Where is it typically
How to classify this?

A

Give eg of each type of haemolysis

18
Q

Alpha / beta / gamma haemolysis

What does each indicate and for what bacteria is it used for.

Give eg for alpha and beta. And what can they cause

A

What type of haemolysis are the following:

S pneumoniae 
S mitis 
S canis 
S milleri 
S sanguis 
S pyogenes 
S equi
19
Q

What are some symptoms of S pyogenes infection?

A

Pyoderma.

Also, all beta haemolytic steps can cause pharyngitis and cellulitis

Necrotising fasciitis — how does this happen briefly. Some symp’s?

20
Q

Necrosis fasciitis

How does those present - symptoms and signs and bloods
What causes this and how

21
Q

S pyogenes

Outline the different types of infection that it can do. — and what could each of these cause

PointOB

A

Superficial
Deep
Autoimmune sequalae

22
Q

S pyogenes structure

What are some features that give it its virulence and how?

PointOB

A

M protein — what is it what does it do

Exotoxins (which ones)

23
Q

Streptococcal M protein

What is it what doe sit do
How does it have its effect

Structure?

A

How does it partake in molecular mimicry?

What can this lead to

24
Q

List some”

Gram negative bacteria
Non bacterial pathogens

POB

A
Neisseria
Fungal
Yeast
Haemophillus
E. coli
MOuld
Dimorphic fungi
Aspergillus species
C. difficile
25
Enteriobacteriacia What type of bacteria classed as Common eg? Where and how do they typically infect
—-
26
E. coli What major human diseases does it cause What things (titles) give it its virulence. outline each one. POB
Adhesins? — how does its work Siderophores? Caspsule? — specific eg Toxins? — what types? Egs on other one
27
E. coli toxins Which ones are there and what do each do (Also outline other ways in which E. coli has its virulence)
Endo Eco - cyclolysins Enterotoxins — GI tract fluid leak Verotoxins — ribo prot syn distrupted. What does this cause
28
E. coli What it it the commonest cause of? What types of sepsis does it majorly contribute to? What type of hospital acquired infections is it a major cause of? What else is it the commonest of Also, lately what’s been going n changing in terms of E. coli disease?
——