Renal) Acid-base And Electrolyte Disturbance Flashcards
What is urea, how does it come to be
What are normal range
When is it increased and decreased
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Urea - would would you expect a patient to present with, with levels over:
20?
60?
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Creatinine
How does this come to be
Range of normal approx
Used for?
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EGFR
How is it measured
What levels are normal / bad
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Sodium
When may levels of this be abnormal? Like pathology.
What are some different states hyponaetraemia can present, and what could cause each one. Also symptoms.
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Potassium
General levels. What does it do
List as many causes for HYPOKALAEMIA
(Bonus - What are some complication)
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HYPOKALAEMIA
Complications
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Hyperkalaemia
When can this happen, what are causes of this
How to treat this
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Calcium
General levels?
Where is it absorbed and reabsorbed.
What controls its levels and how.
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Hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia
Symptoms fo both and what can happen with them - complications
Talk about PTH
What do you know about
Calcium
Magnesium
Phosphate - what happens if this is high
Talk about PTH stuff as well
Ph range of the body?
What regulates the ph of the body — organs and what do they broadly do.
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What can cause disturbances of acid base balance and why
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What happens in alkalosis — pto for hints
What can happen before to cause this and how does the body respond
Buffers
Lungs
Kidney
How is Conns related to this
What happens in acidosis — pto for hints
What can happen before to cause this and how does the body respond
Buffers, kidney, lungs
