Reproductive System (final)

Question 1

reproductive system

Answer 1

produces, stores, nourishes and transports gametes

Question 2

gametes

Answer 2

reproductive cells

Question 3

fertilization

Answer 3

fusion of a sperm and an ovum from mother to create a zygote

Question 4

zygote

Answer 4

fertilized egg

Question 5

male duct system

Answer 5

testes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra

Question 6

male accessory glands

Answer 6

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral (cowpers) gland, and penis

Question 7

dartos and cremaster muscles

Answer 7

muscle helps to regulate testicular temperature, provides temp slightly lower than the body so the testes are viable for sperm production

Question 8

epididymus

Answer 8

6 M
tightly coiled tube on the outside of the testes that leads into vas deferens and serves as a site for sperm maturation and storage
also serves as recycling center for damaged spermatozoa

Question 9

ductus vas deferens

Answer 9

muscular tube that extends from the epididymus to urethra that forms part of the spermatic cord
FUNCTION: propels sperm into urethra by peristalsis during ejaculation
fuses with the duct from the seminal vesicle to form the ejactulatory duct.

Question 10

prostate gland

Answer 10

surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder
enclosed by thick CT capsule its made up of 20-30 compound alveolar glands
FUNCTION: secrete about 1/2 the semen volume

Question 11

seminal vesicle

Answer 11

saclike structure attached to vas deferens. it secretes a yellowish fluid that is 30-40% of semen and contains nutrients and prostaglandins

Question 12

seminal vesicle fluid

Answer 12

regulates the pH of the tubular contents as sperm cells travel to the outside

Question 13

nutrients in semen

Answer 13

fructose, a monosaccharide that provides energy to sperm cells

Question 14

prostaglandins

Answer 14

stimulate muscular contractions within the female reproductive organs, aiding the movement of sperm cells towards the egg cell

Question 15

female reproductive system

Answer 15

ovaries (gonads) produce an egg that travels along uterine tubes to reach the uterus. the vagina connects the uterus to the exterior.

Question 16

2 parts of penis

Answer 16

root and body

Question 17

corpora cavernosa

Answer 17

erectile tissue that makes up majority of penis and is bound by fibrous tunica albuginea (fibrous CT)

Question 18

corpus spongiosum

Answer 18

erectile body surrounding the urethra

Question 19

external female genitalia

Answer 19

mons pubis (adipose tissue)
labia majora (scrotum)
labia minora
clitoris (penis)

Question 20

wall of uterus

Answer 20

inner: endometrium
myometrium (thickest)
outer: perimetrium

Question 21

menstrual cycle

Answer 21

1. anterior pituitary gland secretes FSH and LH
2. FSH stimulates maturation of follicle
3. follicular cells produce and secrete estrogen
4. surge of LH is secreted stimulating ovulation
5. follicular cells become corpus luteum cells which secrete estrogen and progesterone
6. if egg cell is not fertilized the corpus luteum degenerate
7. blood vessels in uterine lining constrict
8. uterine lining disintegrates and sloughs away

Question 22

estrogen

Answer 22

causes uterine wall to thicken and stimulates development

Question 23

progesterone

Answer 23

stimulates uterine wall to become more glandular and vascular

Question 24

human life cycle

Answer 24

egg&sperm haploid gametes
fertilized to become diploid zygote
mitosis to baby
adult meiosis to haploid gamete

Question 25

Meiosis 1

Answer 25

prophase: homologous pairs crossover
metaphase: tetrads align randomly on equator
anaphase: homologous chromosomes seperate but sister chromatids remain attached
telophase: cell splits and nuclear membranes reform

Question 26

Meiosis 2

Answer 26

mitosis like cellular division

the product is 4 haploid cells (n) each genetically different from mother cell

Question 27

when does crossover occur

Answer 27

in meiosis prophase 1

Question 28

mitosis products

Answer 28

two diploid (2n) identical cells to mother

Question 29

meiosis products

Answer 29

four haploid (n) cells unique from mother

Question 30

mitosis purpose

Answer 30

development from zygote to multicellular adult

ensures genetic makeup of all body cells are the same

Question 31

meiosis purpose

Answer 31

reproduction
creates genetic variability and allows for half the chromosomes so that when fertilization occurs diploid number is restored.

Question 32

spermatogenesis

Answer 32

production/development of mature spermatozoa

spermatogonium (stem cell 2n), primary spermatocyte (2n), secondary spermatocyte (n), early spermatids (n), spermatozoa

Question 33

spermiogenesis

Answer 33

transformation of spermatid to functional sperm

Question 34

sperm structure

Answer 34

head (contains nucleus)
mid piece (mitochondria)
tail (flagellum extension of plasma membrane)

Question 35

oogenesis

Answer 35

production of female sex cells (beginning of an egg)
before birth: oogonium stem cell
infancy/childhood: primary oocyte
puberty to menopause: primary oocyte goes through meiosis 1 to make secondary oocyte if not fertilized its a second polar body, if fertilized and completes meiosis 2 its an ovum

Question 36

gonorrhea

Answer 36

causative agent: neisseria gonorrhoae
male symptoms: urethritis
female symptoms: none or abdominal discomfort, vaginal discharge, uterine bleeding, urethral symptoms

Question 37

syphilis

Answer 37

causative agent: treponema pallidum
symptoms: red, painless lesion on penis or inside vagina
if untreated a pink skin rash on body, fever, and joint pain

Question 38

chlamydia

Answer 38

causative agent: chlamydia trachomatis

symptoms: urethritis, vaginal discharge, painful intercourse or no symptoms

Question 39

trichomoniasis

Answer 39

yellow green vaginal discharge with strong odor or no symptoms

Question 40

genital warts

Answer 40

human papillomavirus (HPV)
warts

Question 41

genital herpes

Answer 41

herpes simplex virus 2

blisterlike lesions all of a sudden