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BIOL 244 > Digestive System (final) > Flashcards

Digestive System (final) Flashcards

1
Q

alimentary canal

A

passage from mouth to anus that food passes through

GI tract

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2
Q

oral cavity accessory organs

A

salivary glands and tongue

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3
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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4
Q

7 parts of large intestine in order

A 
cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon 
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
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5
Q

duodenum measurement

A

25 cm

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6
Q

jejunum

A

2.5 m

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7
Q

ileum

A

3.5 m

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8
Q

GI tract functions

A
  1. ingestion
  2. propulsion
  3. mechanical breakdown/digestion
  4. absorption
  5. defecation
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9
Q

propulsion

A

swallowing and peristalsis

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10
Q

mechanical breakdown

A

chewing (mouth), churning (stomach), segmentation (small intestine)

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11
Q

peristalsis

A

alimentary tract organs contracting and relaxing to move food along the tract

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12
Q

segmentation

A

moving food forward and backwards to mix with GI juices. slower propulsion occuring.

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13
Q

hydrolysis

A

addition of a water molecule and breakdown of molecule

happens during chemical digestion

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14
Q

carbohydrate digestion enzymes

A 
salivary amylase (mouth)
pancreatic amylase (small intestine)
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15
Q

carb enzymes breakdown starches into

A

oligosaccharides which are then broken down in small intestine by brush border enzymes into lactose, maltose, and sucrose

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16
Q

protein digestion enzymes

A 
pepsin (stomach)
pancreatic enzymes (small intestine)
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17
Q

protein enzymes breakdown protein into

A

pepsin breaks down proteins into large polypeptides, pancreatic enzymes break those into small polypeptides, brush border enzymes break those into amino acids

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18
Q

fat digestion enzymes

A

pancreatic lipases (small intestine) break fat into monoglycerides and fatty acids

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19
Q

nucleic acid digestion enzymes

A

pancreatic ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease (small intestine) and brush border enzymes break them into pentose sugars, bases, phosphate ions

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20
Q

mouth and associated organs function

A

ingestion, propulsion, mechanical breakdown, and digestion (salivary amylase)

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21
Q

pharynx and esophagus function

A

propulsion (peristaltic waves)

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22
Q

stomach function

A

mechanical breakdown, digestion (pepsin), absorption (aspirin, alcohol, drugs)

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23
Q

small intestine function

A

mechanical breakdown, propulsion, digestion, mostly absorption

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24
Q

large intestine function

A

digestion (enteric good bacteria), absorption, propulsion, defecation

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25
Q

extrinsic salivary glands

A

produce the most saliva

  • parotid
  • sublingual
  • submandibular
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26
Q

3 parts of tooth

A

crown, neck, root

27
Q

enamel

A

in the crown portion of tooth

strongest part of tooth

28
Q

dentin

A

underneath enamel cap

what teeth are made of

29
Q

deciduous (milk) teeth

A

incisors
canine
molars

30
Q

incisor milk teeth

A

central: 6-8 months
lateral: 8-10 months

31
Q

canine milk teeth

A

eyetooth

erupt at 16-20 months

32
Q

permanent teeth

A

32 teeth

incisors, canine, premolars (bicuspids), molars

33
Q

permanent incisor teeth

A

central: 7 years
lateral: 8 years

34
Q

permanent canine teeth

A

11 years

35
Q

premolars (bicuspids)

A

first premolar: 11 years

second premolar: 12-13 years

36
Q

permanent molar teeth

A

first: 6-7 years
second: 12-13 years
third: wisdom 17-25 years

37
Q

molar milk teeth

A

first: 10-15 month
second: 2 years

38
Q

GI tract structure

A

outer to inner

serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa

39
Q

sphincters

A 
upper esophageal sphincter
gastroesophageal (cardiac) sphincter 
pyloric sphincter
hepatopancreatic sphincter
internal anal sphincter
external anal sphincter
40
Q

4 parts of stomach

A

cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus

41
Q

muscularis externa of GI tract layers

A

longitudinal, circular, oblique

42
Q

gastric gland

A

in the stomach and produce gastric juice

43
Q

gastric gland cells

A

parietal, chief, enteroendocrine

HCl + pepsinogen= pepsin

44
Q

parietal cell

A

gastric gland

produce HCl

45
Q

chief cell

A

gastric gland

produce pepsinogen

46
Q

small intestine structure

A

villi, blood capillaries, goblet cells

47
Q

small intestine villi

A

hundreds of these and on top of them are microvilli

they increase surface area for absorption

48
Q

small intestine blood capillaries

A

where food is absorbed

49
Q

small intestine goblet cells

A

more are in the large intestine they provide mucus

50
Q

duodenum

A

underneath liver

major duodenal papilla

51
Q

what does the liver produce

A

no enzymes just bile!!

52
Q

gallbladder removal (FFFF)

A

forty, fat, female, fair skin

53
Q

hepatocytes

A

cells in the liver

produce bile

54
Q

external vs. internal anal sphincter

A

internal: smooth muscle no control
external: skeletal muscle we do have control

55
Q

cholecystokinin hormone

A

target organ: pancreas

increases output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice

56
Q

gastric inhibitory peptide hormone

A

target organ: stomach/pancreas

inhibits HCl production and stimulates insulin release

57
Q

gastrin hormone

A

target organ: stomach (parietal cells)

increases HCl secretion

58
Q

histamine hormone

A

target organ: stomach

activates parietal cells to release HCl

59
Q

intestinal gastrin hormone

A

target organ: stomach

stimulates gastric glands and motility

60
Q

secretin hormone

A

target organ: stomach and pancreas

inhibits gastric gland secretion and motility during secretion and increases output of pancreatic juice

61
Q

serotonin hormone

A

target organ: stomach

causes contraction of stomach muscle

62
Q

somatostatin hormone

A

target organ: stomach and pancreas

inhibits secretion

63
Q

vasoactive intestinal peptide hormone

A

target organ: stomach and pancreas
pancreas- increases secretion
stomach-inhibits acid secretion

BIOL 244 (12 decks)

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