Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOL 244 > Digestive System (final) > Flashcards

Digestive System (final) Flashcards

1
Q

alimentary canal

A

passage from mouth to anus that food passes through

GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

oral cavity accessory organs

A

salivary glands and tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

7 parts of large intestine in order

A 
cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon 
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

duodenum measurement

A

25 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

jejunum

A

2.5 m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ileum

A

3.5 m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

GI tract functions

A
  1. ingestion
  2. propulsion
  3. mechanical breakdown/digestion
  4. absorption
  5. defecation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

propulsion

A

swallowing and peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mechanical breakdown

A

chewing (mouth), churning (stomach), segmentation (small intestine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

peristalsis

A

alimentary tract organs contracting and relaxing to move food along the tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

segmentation

A

moving food forward and backwards to mix with GI juices. slower propulsion occuring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hydrolysis

A

addition of a water molecule and breakdown of molecule

happens during chemical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

carbohydrate digestion enzymes

A 
salivary amylase (mouth)
pancreatic amylase (small intestine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

carb enzymes breakdown starches into

A

oligosaccharides which are then broken down in small intestine by brush border enzymes into lactose, maltose, and sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

protein digestion enzymes

A 
pepsin (stomach)
pancreatic enzymes (small intestine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

protein enzymes breakdown protein into

A

pepsin breaks down proteins into large polypeptides, pancreatic enzymes break those into small polypeptides, brush border enzymes break those into amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fat digestion enzymes

A

pancreatic lipases (small intestine) break fat into monoglycerides and fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

nucleic acid digestion enzymes

A

pancreatic ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease (small intestine) and brush border enzymes break them into pentose sugars, bases, phosphate ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

mouth and associated organs function

A

ingestion, propulsion, mechanical breakdown, and digestion (salivary amylase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pharynx and esophagus function

A

propulsion (peristaltic waves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

stomach function

A

mechanical breakdown, digestion (pepsin), absorption (aspirin, alcohol, drugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

small intestine function

A

mechanical breakdown, propulsion, digestion, mostly absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

large intestine function

A

digestion (enteric good bacteria), absorption, propulsion, defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
extrinsic salivary glands
produce the most saliva - parotid - sublingual - submandibular
26
3 parts of tooth
crown, neck, root
27
enamel
in the crown portion of tooth | strongest part of tooth
28
dentin
underneath enamel cap | what teeth are made of
29
deciduous (milk) teeth
incisors canine molars
30
incisor milk teeth
central: 6-8 months lateral: 8-10 months
31
canine milk teeth
eyetooth | erupt at 16-20 months
32
permanent teeth
32 teeth | incisors, canine, premolars (bicuspids), molars
33
permanent incisor teeth
central: 7 years lateral: 8 years
34
permanent canine teeth
11 years
35
premolars (bicuspids)
first premolar: 11 years | second premolar: 12-13 years
36
permanent molar teeth
first: 6-7 years second: 12-13 years third: wisdom 17-25 years
37
molar milk teeth
first: 10-15 month second: 2 years
38
GI tract structure
outer to inner | serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa
39
sphincters
``` upper esophageal sphincter gastroesophageal (cardiac) sphincter pyloric sphincter hepatopancreatic sphincter internal anal sphincter external anal sphincter ```
40
4 parts of stomach
cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus
41
muscularis externa of GI tract layers
longitudinal, circular, oblique
42
gastric gland
in the stomach and produce gastric juice
43
gastric gland cells
parietal, chief, enteroendocrine | HCl + pepsinogen= pepsin
44
parietal cell
gastric gland | produce HCl
45
chief cell
gastric gland | produce pepsinogen
46
small intestine structure
villi, blood capillaries, goblet cells
47
small intestine villi
hundreds of these and on top of them are microvilli | they increase surface area for absorption
48
small intestine blood capillaries
where food is absorbed
49
small intestine goblet cells
more are in the large intestine they provide mucus
50
duodenum
underneath liver | major duodenal papilla
51
what does the liver produce
no enzymes just bile!!
52
gallbladder removal (FFFF)
forty, fat, female, fair skin
53
hepatocytes
cells in the liver | produce bile
54
external vs. internal anal sphincter
internal: smooth muscle no control external: skeletal muscle we do have control
55
cholecystokinin hormone
target organ: pancreas | increases output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice
56
gastric inhibitory peptide hormone
target organ: stomach/pancreas | inhibits HCl production and stimulates insulin release
57
gastrin hormone
target organ: stomach (parietal cells) | increases HCl secretion
58
histamine hormone
target organ: stomach | activates parietal cells to release HCl
59
intestinal gastrin hormone
target organ: stomach | stimulates gastric glands and motility
60
secretin hormone
target organ: stomach and pancreas | inhibits gastric gland secretion and motility during secretion and increases output of pancreatic juice
61
serotonin hormone
target organ: stomach | causes contraction of stomach muscle
62
somatostatin hormone
target organ: stomach and pancreas | inhibits secretion
63
vasoactive intestinal peptide hormone
target organ: stomach and pancreas pancreas- increases secretion stomach-inhibits acid secretion

BIOL 244 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions