Electrolytes/Acid Base (final)

Question 1

total body water

Answer 1

40 L

60% of body weight

Question 2

intracellular fluid

Answer 2

25 L

40% of body weight

Question 3

extracellular fluid

Answer 3

15 L

20% of body weight

Question 4

interstitial fluid

Answer 4

(extracellular)
12 L
80% of ECF

Question 5

plasma

Answer 5

(extracellular)
3 L
20% of ECF

Question 6

the most and least electrolytes in blood plasma

Answer 6

most: Na+
least: Mg 2+ or SO4 2-

Question 7

the most and least electrolytes in interstitial fluid

Answer 7

most: Na+
least: Mg 2+ or SO4 2- or protein anions

Question 8

the most and least electrolytes in intracellular fluid

Answer 8

most: K+
least: Cl-

Question 9

average water intake/output per a day

Answer 9

2.5 L in and out

Question 10

where does water intake come from

Answer 10

beverages>foods>metabolism

Question 11

how does water output

Answer 11

urine>loss via skin/lungs>sweat>feces

Question 12

two ways to stimulate thirst

Answer 12

increase in extracellular fluid osmolality or decrease in plasma volume

Question 13

if there is an increase in ECF osmolality…

Answer 13

decrease in saliva, dry mouth, hypothalamic thirst center, sensation of thirst, water moistens mouth/throat/stretches stomach, water absorbed from GI tract

Question 14

if there is a decrease in plasma volume (5-10%)..

Answer 14

decreased blood pressure, granular cells in kidney, increase in angiotensin, hypothalamic thirst center, sensation of thirst, water moistens etc. , water absorbed from Gi tract

Question 15

buffer

Answer 15

substance that prevents a large sudden change in pH

Question 16

buffer function

Answer 16

convert strong acids or bases into weak acids or bases

Question 17

chemical buffer system

Answer 17

first line of defense against pH shift
act rapidly
bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein buffer system (protein is most powerful)

Question 18

physiological buffer system

Answer 18

second line of defense against pH shift
take several minutes or days to begin working
respiratory mechanism (CO2 excretion)
renal mechanism (H+ excretion)