Lymphatic System

Question 1

lymphatic organs

Answer 1

tonsils, thymus, spleen, peyers patches, and appendix

Question 2

lymphatic pathway

Answer 2

lymphatic capillary, lymphatic vessel, lymph node, lymphatic vessel, lymphatic trunk, collecting ducts, subclavian veins

Question 3

lymphatic capillaries permeability

Answer 3

to lipids and proteins

Question 4

2 major lymphatic ducts

Answer 4

right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

Question 5

2 major lymphatic trunks

Answer 5

right subclavian trunk and left bronchomediastinal trunk

Question 6

lymph node structure

Answer 6

includes cortex, medulla, and hilum

surrounded by capsule

Question 7

afferent lymphatic vessels

Answer 7

lymph enters the lymph node through these vessels

Question 8

efferent lymphatic vessels

Answer 8

lymph exits the lymph node through these vessels

Question 9

hilum

Answer 9

located in the lymph node right before the efferent (exit) vessels to help exit

Question 10

trabeculae

Answer 10

helps extend the lymph nodes capsule

Question 11

lymph node cortex

Answer 11

includes:
- lymphoid follicle (lymphocytes in packs)
- germinal center
- sub-capsular sinus

Question 12

lymph node medulla

Answer 12

includes:
- medullary cord
- medullary sinus

Question 13

the lymphatic system consists of

Answer 13

lymph, lymph vessels, lymphoid cells, lymph nodes/organ, and lymphoid organs

Question 14

lymph

Answer 14

interstitial fluid (fluid + cells)

Question 15

lymph vessels are a

Answer 15

one way system

Question 16

lymphoid cells

Answer 16

• lymphocytes
• macrophages
• dendritic cells
• reticular cells

Question 17

lymphocytes

Answer 17

T cells and B cells (plasma cells)

Question 18

macrophages and dendritic cells

Answer 18

by phagocytic effect

Question 19

reticular cells

Answer 19

produces stroma (produces other cell types in LS)

Question 20

lymphatic system functions

Answer 20

1. draining interstitial fluid
2. transporting dietary fat (lipids, lipid soluble vitamins by GI tract to blood) and transporting of excess tissue fluid to blood vascular system
3. Immunity by T-cells (80%) and B-cells (15%)
4. Maintaining the concentration and volume of blood and body fluids via return of fluid and protein to blood

Question 21

areas there are no lymphatic vessels

Answer 21

avascular tissue, CNS, splenic pulp, bone marrow

Question 22

how much lymph flows a day

Answer 22

3 L/day

Question 23

flow of lymph by

Answer 23

skeletal muscle contractions, respiratory pump (inhalation), and valves strength

Question 24

right lymphatic duct

Answer 24

drains from the right arm and right side of head/throax to the subclavian veins

Question 25

thoracic duct

Answer 25

drains from the rest of the body (most of the body) to the subclavian veins

Question 26

lymph vessels

Answer 26

are thin walled and the larger ones have valves

similar to veins

Question 27

lymphatic capillaries consist of

Answer 27

endothelial cells with greater permeability than blood capillaries

Question 28

lymph node

Answer 28

a lymphoid tissue/organ along the path of the lymphatic vessels
(1.25 mm in length)

Question 29

capsule

Answer 29

dense connective tissue

Question 30

lymph node function

Answer 30

protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria and tumor cells from lymphatic stream

Question 31

what do swollen lymph nodes mean

Answer 31

during an active infection lymph nodes swell as a result of the trapping function

Question 32

tonsils

Answer 32

lymphoid organ consists of multiple, large lymphatic nodules covered in mucosa

Question 33

4 types of tonsils

Answer 33

pharyngeal, paired palatine, paired lingual, and tubal

Question 34

pharyngeal tonsils

Answer 34

adenoids

in posterior wall of the nasopharynx

Question 35

paired palatine tonsils

Answer 35

lie between pharyngopalatine and glossopalatine

these are removed during tonsilectomy

Question 36

paired lingual tonsils

Answer 36

at the base of the tongue

Question 37

tubal tonsils

Answer 37

tiny, surround the opening of the auditory tubes into the pharynx

Question 38

tonsils function

Answer 38

to protect against invasion of foreign substances that are inhaled or indigested.
participate in immune response.

Question 39

spleen

Answer 39

largest of the lymphatic organs
filters the blood and is a source of lymphocytes and monocytes
performs no lymph filtration

Question 40

how the spleen filters the blood

Answer 40

destroys worn out red blood cells and returns hemoglobin to the liver

Question 41

where is the spleen

Answer 41

located in the left side of the abdominal cavity (12 cm in length)

Question 42

spleen structure

Answer 42

consists of lobules of splenic pulp: red pulp and white pulp

Question 43

red pulp

Answer 43

in the spleen

composed of venous sinuses and splenic cords

Question 44

white pulp

Answer 44

in the spleen

composed of packed lymphocytes

Question 45

thymus

Answer 45

a bilobed structure, lobes are surrounded by connective tissue
is both a lymphoid and endocrine organ
prominent in new bones (most active during childhood)

Question 46

outer thymus cortex

Answer 46

tightly packed lymphocytes

Question 47

inner thymus medulla

Answer 47

mostly epithelial cells

Question 48

peyer patches

Answer 48

a collection of small lymphoid tissues, which resemble tonsils, and are found in the wall of the small intestine.

Question 49

peyer patches function

Answer 49

capture and destroy bacteria