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BIOL 244 > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

systemic circulation path

A 
aorta
elastic (conducting) arteries
muscular (distributing) arteries
arterioles (resistance vessels)
capillaries (exchange vessels)
venule
small veins (capacitance vessels)
large veins (capacitance vessels)
venae cavae
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2
Q

structure of arteries and veins

A

inner layer: tunica intima

middle: tunica media
outer: tunica externa (fibrous CT)

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3
Q

arteries have that veins don’t

A

internal and external elastic membrane

smooth muscle is thicker

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4
Q

veins have that arteries don’t

A

valves

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5
Q

capillary structure

A

basement membrane, endothelial cells, and fenestrations (pores)

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6
Q

what leaves capillaries

A

water, amino acids, oxygen, and glucose

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7
Q

what enters capillaries

A

water, ammonia, carbon dioxide

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8
Q

at arteriolar end of capillary NFP is

A

10 mm Hg

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9
Q

at venous end of capillary NFP is

A

-8 mm Hg

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10
Q

total blood flow at rest

A

5800 mL/min

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11
Q

total blood flow during exercise

A

17,500 mL/min

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12
Q

where is most of the blood

A

in the systemic venous system (64%)

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13
Q

where is there the least amount of blood

A

in the systemic capillaries (7%)

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14
Q

amount of blood least to most

A

systemic capillaries/heart, pulmonary circuit, systemic arterial system, systemic venous system

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15
Q

arterial blood pressure

A

pressure of the blood on the walls of the arteries

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16
Q

average blood pressure

A

120/80 mm Hg

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17
Q

blood pressure measured by

A

systolic BP / diastolic BP

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18
Q

blood velocity pattern

A

higher in arterial system, extremely slows in capillary bed bc of the divisions (volume peaks), and then slowly rises again in the venous system

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19
Q

where the pulse is most easily found

from top to bottom) (all arteries

A 
superficial temporal (forehead)
facial (jaw)
common carotid
brachial (inside elbow)
radial (wrist)
femoral (groin)
popliteal (behind knee)
posterior tibial (ankle)
dorsalis pedis (foot)
20
Q

venous return

A

volume of blood flowing back to the heart

21
Q

venous return 4 factors

A
  1. pressure in the right atrium
  2. skeletal muscle pump
  3. valves in the veins
  4. respiratory pump
22
Q

how pressure in right atrium affects VR

A

higher pressure, less return

weak valve in the heart

23
Q

how skeletal muscle pump affects VR

A

more blood moves, increased contraction and return, increased pressure on veins

24
Q

how valves in the veins affects VR

A

weak valve means backflow causing less return

25
Q

how respiratory pump affects VR

A

deeper inspiration, squeezing local veins, increased pressure in abdominal cavity, more blood volume moves, increased return similar to skeletal muscle pump

26
Q

blood pressure increase by these 6

A
  1. blood volume increases
  2. heart rate increases
  3. stroke volume increases
  4. cardiac output increases
  5. blood viscosity increases
  6. Peripheral resistance increases by vasoconstriction
27
Q

when blood pressure rises…

A
  1. baroreceptors are stimulated
    either
    2a. decreased peripheral resistance (vasodilation)
    2b. decreased sympathetic impulses causing heart rate and contractibility to lower and decreasing cardiac output
28
Q

when blood pressure lowers….

A
  1. baroreceptors are inhibited
    either
    2a. increased peripheral resistance (vasodilation)
    2b. increased sympathetic impulses causing heart rate and contractibility to rise so increased cardiac output
29
Q

sympathetic cardiac nerves

A

increase SV by increasing heart rate and force of contraction
increase BP

30
Q

parasympathetic cardiac nerves

A

the vagus nerve
decrease heart rate
decrease BP

31
Q

when epinephrine/NE acts on the heart

A

increases HR/contractibility, increases cardiac output, increases BP

32
Q

when angiotensin acts on arterioles

A

causes vasoconstriction, increase peripheral resistance, increases BP

33
Q

when ADH acts on arterioles

A

causes vasoconstriction, increases peripheral resistance, increases BP

34
Q

when epinephrine/NE acts on arterioles

A

causes vasoconstriction, increases peripheral resistance, increases BP

35
Q

when epinephrine/NE acts on large veins

A

causes vasodilation, decreases peripheral resistance, decreases BP

36
Q

when ANP acts on arterioles

A

causes vasodilation, decreases peripheral resistance, decreases BP

37
Q

when nitric oxide acts on arterioles

A

causes vasodilation, decreases peripheral resistance, decreases BP

38
Q

when ANP act on kidney tubule cells

A

causes salt/water loss, decreases blood volume, decreases BP

39
Q

when aldosterone and cortisol act on kidney tubule cells

A

causes salt/water retention, increases blood volume, increases BP

40
Q

when ADH acts on kidney tubule cells

A

causes water retention, increases blood volume, increases BP

41
Q

circulatory shock

A

decreased blood circulation, decreased blood flow, low oxygen to tissues causing confusion

42
Q

hypovolemic shock

A

loss of blood volume
weak thready pulse
decreased BP

43
Q

vascular shock

A

normal blood volume but extreme vasodilation

caused by anaphylaxis and septicemia that decrease peripheral resistance and decrease BP

44
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

decreased heart pumping caused by a heart attack

45
Q

neurogenic shock

A

loss of sympathetic stimulation because of spinal cord injury or anesthesia

BIOL 244 (12 decks)

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