Blood Vessels

Question 1

systemic circulation path

Answer 1

aorta
elastic (conducting) arteries
muscular (distributing) arteries
arterioles (resistance vessels)
capillaries (exchange vessels)
venule
small veins (capacitance vessels)
large veins (capacitance vessels)
venae cavae

Question 2

structure of arteries and veins

Answer 2

inner layer: tunica intima

middle: tunica media
outer: tunica externa (fibrous CT)

Question 3

arteries have that veins don’t

Answer 3

internal and external elastic membrane

smooth muscle is thicker

Question 4

veins have that arteries don’t

Answer 4

valves

Question 5

capillary structure

Answer 5

basement membrane, endothelial cells, and fenestrations (pores)

Question 6

what leaves capillaries

Answer 6

water, amino acids, oxygen, and glucose

Question 7

what enters capillaries

Answer 7

water, ammonia, carbon dioxide

Question 8

at arteriolar end of capillary NFP is

Answer 8

10 mm Hg

Question 9

at venous end of capillary NFP is

Answer 9

-8 mm Hg

Question 10

total blood flow at rest

Answer 10

5800 mL/min

Question 11

total blood flow during exercise

Answer 11

17,500 mL/min

Question 12

where is most of the blood

Answer 12

in the systemic venous system (64%)

Question 13

where is there the least amount of blood

Answer 13

in the systemic capillaries (7%)

Question 14

amount of blood least to most

Answer 14

systemic capillaries/heart, pulmonary circuit, systemic arterial system, systemic venous system

Question 15

arterial blood pressure

Answer 15

pressure of the blood on the walls of the arteries

Question 16

average blood pressure

Answer 16

120/80 mm Hg

Question 17

blood pressure measured by

Answer 17

systolic BP / diastolic BP

Question 18

blood velocity pattern

Answer 18

higher in arterial system, extremely slows in capillary bed bc of the divisions (volume peaks), and then slowly rises again in the venous system

Question 19

where the pulse is most easily found

from top to bottom) (all arteries

Answer 19

superficial temporal (forehead)
facial (jaw)
common carotid
brachial (inside elbow)
radial (wrist)
femoral (groin)
popliteal (behind knee)
posterior tibial (ankle)
dorsalis pedis (foot)

Question 20

venous return

Answer 20

volume of blood flowing back to the heart

Question 21

venous return 4 factors

Answer 21

1. pressure in the right atrium
2. skeletal muscle pump
3. valves in the veins
4. respiratory pump

Question 22

how pressure in right atrium affects VR

Answer 22

higher pressure, less return

weak valve in the heart

Question 23

how skeletal muscle pump affects VR

Answer 23

more blood moves, increased contraction and return, increased pressure on veins

Question 24

how valves in the veins affects VR

Answer 24

weak valve means backflow causing less return

Question 25

how respiratory pump affects VR

Answer 25

deeper inspiration, squeezing local veins, increased pressure in abdominal cavity, more blood volume moves, increased return *similar to skeletal muscle pump*

Question 26

blood pressure increase by these 6

Answer 26

1. blood volume increases 2. heart rate increases 3. stroke volume increases 4. cardiac output increases 5. blood viscosity increases 6. Peripheral resistance increases by vasoconstriction

Question 27

when blood pressure rises...

Answer 27

1. baroreceptors are stimulated either 2a. decreased peripheral resistance (vasodilation) 2b. decreased sympathetic impulses causing heart rate and contractibility to lower and decreasing cardiac output

Question 28

when blood pressure lowers....

Answer 28

1. baroreceptors are inhibited either 2a. increased peripheral resistance (vasodilation) 2b. increased sympathetic impulses causing heart rate and contractibility to rise so increased cardiac output

Question 29

sympathetic cardiac nerves

Answer 29

increase SV by increasing heart rate and force of contraction increase BP

Question 30

parasympathetic cardiac nerves

Answer 30

the vagus nerve decrease heart rate decrease BP

Question 31

when epinephrine/NE acts on the heart

Answer 31

increases HR/contractibility, increases cardiac output, increases BP

Question 32

when angiotensin acts on arterioles

Answer 32

causes vasoconstriction, increase peripheral resistance, increases BP

Question 33

when ADH acts on arterioles

Answer 33

causes vasoconstriction, increases peripheral resistance, increases BP

Question 34

when epinephrine/NE acts on arterioles

Answer 34

causes vasoconstriction, increases peripheral resistance, increases BP

Question 35

when epinephrine/NE acts on large veins

Answer 35

causes vasodilation, decreases peripheral resistance, decreases BP

Question 36

when ANP acts on arterioles

Answer 36

causes vasodilation, decreases peripheral resistance, decreases BP

Question 37

when nitric oxide acts on arterioles

Answer 37

causes vasodilation, decreases peripheral resistance, decreases BP

Question 38

when ANP act on kidney tubule cells

Answer 38

causes salt/water loss, decreases blood volume, decreases BP

Question 39

when aldosterone and cortisol act on kidney tubule cells

Answer 39

causes salt/water retention, increases blood volume, increases BP

Question 40

when ADH acts on kidney tubule cells

Answer 40

causes water retention, increases blood volume, increases BP

Question 41

circulatory shock

Answer 41

decreased blood circulation, decreased blood flow, low oxygen to tissues causing confusion

Question 42

hypovolemic shock

Answer 42

loss of blood volume weak thready pulse decreased BP

Question 43

vascular shock

Answer 43

normal blood volume but extreme vasodilation | caused by anaphylaxis and septicemia that decrease peripheral resistance and decrease BP

Question 44

cardiogenic shock

Answer 44

decreased heart pumping caused by a heart attack

Question 45

neurogenic shock

Answer 45

loss of sympathetic stimulation because of spinal cord injury or anesthesia