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BIOL 244 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 blood cells

A

red, white, and platelets

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2
Q

hematocrit

A

% of any component in the total volume of a blood sample

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3
Q

% of plasma in blood

A

55%

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4
Q

% of white blood cells and platelets in blood

A

<1%

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5
Q

% of red blood cells in blood

A

45%

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6
Q

blood pH

A

7.4

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7
Q

blood temp

A

98.8 degrees F

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8
Q

volume of blood

A

5-6 L

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9
Q

where are blood cells produced

A

red bone marrow-epiphysis

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10
Q

thrombocyte

A

another name for platelet

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11
Q

water content in plasma

A

90% of plasma volume

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12
Q

proteins in plasma

A

albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen

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13
Q

% of albumin in plasma

A

60%

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14
Q

% of globulins in plasma and parts

A

36%
they transport hormones and help immune function
alpha/beta: work as transport proteins
gamma: have role in immunity

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15
Q

% of fibrinogen in plasma and purpose

A

4%

form fibrin threads of blood clots

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16
Q

nonprotein substances found in plasma

A

urea, uric acid, and creatine

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17
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells
4-6 million
function: carry hemoglobin (97%) and transport oxygen and CO2
NO NUCLEUS

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18
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells
4,000-11,000
NUCLEUS

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19
Q

granulocytes

A

neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil

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20
Q

agranulocytes

A

lymphocyte and monocyte

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21
Q

platelet count

A

150,000-400,000

function: clotting

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22
Q

erythropoietin

A

hormone that enhances production of red blood cells

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23
Q

erythropoiesis

A

formation of red blood cells

24
Q

if normal blood oxygen levels fall

A

Stimulus: decreased RBC count, hemoglobin, availability of O2

  1. kidney releases erythropoietin
  2. red bone marrow is stimulated by hormone
  3. enhanced erythropoiesis
  4. blood’s O2 carrying ability rises
25
Q

hemoglobin

A

97% of red blood cells

protein in blood responsible for transferring O2

26
Q

hemoglobin levels in infants

A

14-20 g/100 mL

27
Q

hemoglobin levels in males

A

13-18 g/100 mL

28
Q

hemoglobin levels in females

A

12-16 g/100 mL

29
Q

hemoglobin consists of

A

two alpha and two beta polypeptide chains

contains protein and iron

30
Q

erythropoiesis steps

A 
stem cell
1 day: proerythroblast
2 days: early basophilic erythroblast
3 days: late polychromatic erythroblast
4 days: normoblast/orythrochromatic erythroblast
5 days: reticulocyte
6/7 days: erythrocyte
31
Q

2 types of lymphocytes

A

T-lymphocyte: Thelper and Tcytotoxic

B-lymphocyte: some become plasma cells

32
Q

platelets develop from

A

stem cells

33
Q

hemostasis

A

stopping bleeding

34
Q

hemostasis steps

A
  1. vascular spasm: smooth muscle contracts causing vasoconstriction
  2. platelet plug formation: platelets adhere to to broken area of vessel
  3. coagulation: platelets form clot (blood clotting)
35
Q

coagulation steps

A
  1. either vessel or tissue rupture
  2. thromboplastin activator
  3. prothrombin activator
  4. prothrombin
  5. thrombin
  6. fibrinogen
  7. fibrin mesh
36
Q

bleeding disorders are caused by

A

prevention of normal clotting

  • increase of anticoagulants: aspirin, heparin
  • decrease in coagulation factors: procoagulants
37
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

bleeding disorder when you have less than 50,000 platelets

may be caused by decreased liver function causing less procoagulants

38
Q

hemophilia

A

excessive bleeding disorder because of lack of coagulation factor 8

39
Q

embolus

A

a small blood clot

40
Q

thrombus

A

a clot that develops and stays in an unbroken blood vessel

41
Q

anemia

A

blood does not have enough O2 carrying capacity because of either lack of RBC or Hemoglobin

42
Q

aplastic anemia

A

cause: toxic chemicals/radiation
defect: damaged bone marrow and destruction of hematopoietic compounds causing low RBC count

43
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

cause: toxic chemicals
defect: RBC destroyed prematurely causing low RBC count

44
Q

hemorrhagic anemia

A

cause: blood loss
defect: ulcer/menstrual cycle causing low RBC count

45
Q

intrinsic factor

A

substance used to absorb vitamin B12

46
Q

pernicious anemia

A

cause: lack of vitamin B12
defect: lack of intrinsic factor causing low hemoglobin

47
Q

iron deficiency anemia

A

cause: lack of iron
defect: impaired iron absorption and more iron needed causing low hemoglobin

48
Q

blood group AB

A

antigens: A and B
antibodie: none
can receive: any blood

49
Q

blood group B

A

antigen: B
antibody: A
can receive: B, O

50
Q

blood group A

A

antigen: A
antibody: B
can receive: A, O

51
Q

blood group O

A

antigen: none
antibody: A, B
can receive: O (universal donor)

52
Q

Rh factor

A

Rh neg woman + Rh pos man
woman gives birth and becomes sensitized and antibodies form to fight positive cells
woman cannot conceive another positive baby
Rx: Rho Gam

53
Q

Rh positive blood

A

Rh positive blood can only go to positive recipients

54
Q

what color is oxyhemoglobin

A

97% O2

red

55
Q

what color is deoxyhemoglobin

A

pale

56
Q

what color is carbaminohema

A

23% CO2

blue

BIOL 244 (12 decks)

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