Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Reproductive: Pregnancy Process > Flashcards

Reproductive: Pregnancy Process Flashcards

1
Q

Enlargement and stiffening of the penis that prepares it for breeding.

A

Erection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Erections are controlled by what?

A

Parasympathetic reflex triggered by sexual stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Insertion of the penis into the vagina

A

Intromission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Process that spermatozoa undergoes in the oviducts to enhance fertility

A

Capacitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Digestive enzyme-containing caplike structure that covers the head of the spermatozoa

A

Acrosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fertilized Ovum

A

Zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rapid division of zygote

A

Cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stage that zygote is a solid mass of cells that looks like a tiny raspberry

A

Morulas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hollow ball of cells with a “bump” on one side that eventually forms into the embryo

A

Balstocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Means by with the blastocyst makes itself a home by embedding itself in the endometrium (lining) of the uterus

A

Implantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Developing offspring during the early part of pregnancy

A

Embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Growing embryo at a later stage of gestation

A

Fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Carry unoxygenated, waste-filled blood from the fetus to the placenta

A

Umbilical arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Carries nutrient- and oxygen-rich blood back from the placenta to the fetus

A

Umbilical veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Large and specialized mammary glands

A

Udder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Infection of the mammary gland

A

Mastitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Large space located just above (dorsal to) the teat.
Largest mammary gland ducts empty into it

A

Gland sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Continuous with the gland sinus; inside the teat

A

Teat sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tip of the teat; passageway from the teat sinus to the outside

A

Streak Canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Premilk secretion; larger amounts of protein, lipid and amino acids

A

Colostrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Given from colostrum; provide antibodies while immune system develops

A

Passive immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Important part of the body’s defense against infection; immunoglobulins

A

Antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the role of the ischiocavernous muscle in the male reproductive system?

A

Acts like a tourniquet and decreases the flow of blood out of the penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How many stages of ejaculation are there?

A

Two stages (first and second)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ejaculation Stage: Movement of spermatozoa from epididymis and fluids from the accessory reproductive glands, into the pelvic portion of the urethra. Sphincter muscle around the neck of the urinary bladder closes tightly to prevent semen from entering into bladder

A

First Stage

26
Q

Ejaculation Stage: Rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle around the urethra that pump the semen out into the female reproductive tract

A

Second Stage

27
Q

How do spermatozoa move so quickly within the female reproductive tract?

A

Transported by contractions of the uterus and oviducts and the action of the cilia in the oviducts

28
Q

Is there an importance to the timing of the spermatozoa getting to the oviduct?

A

Timing is everything, must make it to oviducts before the ovum to undergo capacitation

29
Q

What happens to the ovum once a spermatozoon has fertilized it?

A

Change takes place in the cell membrane that blocks other spermatozoa from entering

30
Q

How does implantation work in multiparous species?

A

Multiple blastocysts randomly space themselves along the horns and body of the uterus as they implant

31
Q

How does implantation work in uniparous species?

A

Single blastocyst implants itself in the pit created in the endometrium

32
Q

How are fetal and maternal circulation “connected”?

A

The area where the chorion attaches to the lining of the uterus.

33
Q

What are the 4 different types of attachments where the chorion attaches to the uterus?

A

Diffuse
Cotyledonary
Zonary
Discoid

34
Q

What are the 3 layers of the placenta?

A

Amnion
Allantois
Chorion

35
Q

What is the placenta?

A

Multilayered, fluid-filled, membranous sac that develops around the embryo and is connected to it by umbilical cord

36
Q

Layer immediately around fetus; forms sac around the fetus called amniotic sac

A

Amnion

37
Q

Layer surrounding of amniotic sac, forms fluid-filled allantoic sac

A

Allantois

38
Q

Covers outside of allantoic sac; attaches to the uterine lining

A

Chorion

39
Q

What is the umbilical cord?

A

Link between fetus; nutrient and waste exchange structures of the placenta

40
Q

What is the purpose of the urachus/what fetal structure is it associated with?

A

Tube that runs from the cranial tip of the fetus’ urinary bladder through the umbilical cord to the allantoic sac; drains watery fluid excreted

41
Q

Placental Attachment: Means that the attachment sites are spread diffusely over the whole surface of the placenta and the whole lining of the uterus

A

Diffuse (Ie. pigs, horses, camelids)

42
Q

Placental Attachment: Most complicated; areas of attachment are small, discrete, and numerous. Many separate attachment sites called placentome

A

Cotyledonary (ie. ruminants - cattle, sheep, and goats)

43
Q

Attaches to the uterus in a belt-shaped zone that encircles the placenta

A

Zonary (ie. dogs and cats)

44
Q

Attachment between placenta and uterus is a single, discrete, disc-shaped area

A

Ie. human/primates, rabbits and many rodents

45
Q

Pregnancy Trimester: Period of the embryo when the newly implanted zygote is getting itself organized and developing its life-supporting placenta

A

First Trimester

46
Q

Pregnancy Trimester: Fetal development period when all the various parts of the fetus are taking shape and differentiating from each other. All body tissues, organs, and systems develop during its period

A

Second Trimester

47
Q

Pregnancy Trimester: Fetal growth period where it grows dramatically during the last period of development, preparing it to transition from a parasitic to a free-living existence after birth

A

Third Trimester

48
Q

What occurs to Relaxin secretions during parturition?

A

Increases; relaxes ligaments between the bones around the birth canal, to ease the passage of the newborn

49
Q

What occurs to Progesterone secretions during parturition?

A

Decreases rapidly; causes corpus luteum of ovary to regress quickly

50
Q

What occurs to Estrogen secretions during parturition?

A

Increases; increases the myometrium sensitivity to oxytocin

51
Q

What occurs to Oxytocin secretions during parturition?

A

Increases; stimulates contractions and starts labor process

52
Q

How many stages to labor are there?

A

Three

53
Q

Labor stage: Consists of uterine contractions.
(Myometrium - muscle layer of uterus - contracts as cervix relaxes, pressing membrane-covered fetus down against the cervix. Causes cervix to gradually dilate)

A

First stage

54
Q

Labor stage: Consists of actual delivery of the newborn. Accomplished by combination of strong uterine and abdominal muscle contractions

A

Second Stage

55
Q

Labor Stage: delivery of placenta (afterbirth). Placenta separates from the wall of the uterus and is expelled by weaker uterine contractions

A

Third stage

56
Q

What is the involution of the uterus?

A

Process where the uterus begins contracting down to its nonpregnant size immediately after parturition is completed

57
Q

How does infection spread from one quarter of the mammary gland in a cow to the others?

A

Has to spread down through the teat and duct system of one quarter and up another, or on the rare occasions, it can spread systemically through the bloodstream

58
Q

True or False: Anterior pituitary hormones are involved directly or indirectly with mammary gland development

A

True

59
Q

Which 2 hormones stimulate the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone during each heat cycle?

A

FSH
LH

60
Q

Which 2 hormones encourage the alveoli and duct systems of the mammary glands to develop

A

Estrogen
Progesterone

Anatomy (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions